石鳖
多板纲 化石时期:
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伊凡尼达石鳖 (Ischnochiton evanida) | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 软体动物门 Mollusca |
纲: | 多板纲 Polyplacophora Gray, 1821[1] |
亚纲 | |
异名[1] | |
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石鳖是软体动物门多板纲(学名:Polyplacophora)物种的通称,又名石鳖纲(Loricata[1]),约有900多个物种[2]。其特征为内圈一般都有八片紧邻排列之硬壳,外圈则是肌肉组织。
石鳖为海生软体动物,大部分物种生活在潮间带和潮下带浅水区的岩石上,常可在退潮后的潮间带岩石上见到,但也有一些物种生活在较深海域[3]。可以食用。
分类
现时本纲物种的分类基本上依从Sirenko (2006)的分类,大致如下[4]:
- 多板纲 Polyplacophora de Blainville, 1816
- 古石鳖亚纲 Paleoloricata Bergenhayn, 1955
- Order Chelodida Bergenhayn, 1943
- Order Septemchitonida Bergenhayn, 1955
- 新石鳖亚纲 Neoloricata Bergenhayn, 1955
- 石鳖目 Chitonida Thiele, 1909:包括多板纲中绝大多数的种类,例如:花斑锉石鳖。
- 毛肤石鳖亚目 Acanthochitonina
- Superfamily Cryptoplacoidea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858
- 毛肤石鳖科 Acanthochitonidae Pilsbry, 1893
- Family Cryptoplacidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858
- Family Hemiarthridae Sirenko, 1997
- Family Makarenkoplacidae Sirenko & Dell'Angelo, 2015 †
- Superfamily Mopalioidea Dall, 1889
- Family Choriplacidae Ashby, 1928
- Family Lepidochitonidae Iredale, 1914
- 鬃毛石鳖科 Mopaliidae Dall, 1889
- Family Schizoplacidae Bergenhayn, 1955
- Family Tonicellidae Simroth, 1894
- Superfamily Cryptoplacoidea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858
- 石鳖亚目 Chitonina
- Superfamily Chitonoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Family Callistoplacidae Pilsbry, 1893
- Family Callochitonidae Plate, 1901
- Family Chaetopleuridae Plate, 1899
- 石鳖科 Chitonidae Rafinesque, 1815
- 薄石鳖科 Ischnochitonidae Dall, 1889
- Family Loricidae Iredale & Hull, 1923
- Family Spinochitonidae Dell'Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2018 †
- Superfamily Schizochitonoidea Dall, 1889
- Schizochitonidae Dall, 1889
- Superfamily Chitonoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- 毛肤石鳖亚目 Acanthochitonina
- 鳞侧石鳖目 Lepidopleurida Thiele, 1909:例如鳞侧石鳖(Lepidopleurus)。
- 毛肤石鳖亚目 Lepidopleurina Thiele, 1909:体呈长形或椭圆形,大小不一。例如:红条毛肤石鳖
- Family Abyssochitonidae Dell'Angelo & Palazzi, 1989
- 汉利石鳖科 Hanleyidae Bergenhayn, 1955
- 鳞侧石鳖科 Leptochitonidae Dall, 1889
- Family Nierstraszellidae Sirenko, 1992
- Family [[Protochitonidae Ashby, 1925}} †
- 毛肤石鳖亚目 Lepidopleurina Thiele, 1909:体呈长形或椭圆形,大小不一。例如:红条毛肤石鳖
- 石鳖目 Chitonida Thiele, 1909:包括多板纲中绝大多数的种类,例如:花斑锉石鳖。
- 目地位未定(Incertae sedis)
- Family Scanochitonidae Bergenhayn, 1955
- Family Olingechitonidae Starobogatov et Sirenko, 1977
- Family Haeggochitonidae Sirenko et Starobogatov, 1977
- Family Ivoechitonidae Sirenko et Starobogatov, 1977
- 古石鳖亚纲 Paleoloricata Bergenhayn, 1955
注释
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (编). Polyplacophora. MolluscaBase. 2009-01-30 [2018-11-09] –通过WoRMS.
- ^ Petraccioli, A. et al. Chromosomes of Lepidochitona caprearum (Scacchi, 1836) (Polyplacophora, Acanthochitonina, Tonicellidae) provide insights into Acanthochitonina karyological evolution.. Comparative Cytogenetics. 2012, 6 (4): 397–407 (英语).
- ^ 张均龙; 徐凤山; 张素萍. 多板纲软体动物系统分类学研究进展. 海洋科学. 2013, 第37卷 (第4期): 111–117 [2015-04-20]. (原始内容存档于2015-04-27) (中文(简体)).
- ^ Sirenko, B.I. New outlook on the system of chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Venus. 2006, 65 (1-2): 27–49 (英语).