澳洲林仙属
澳洲林仙属 | |
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于澳大利亚维多利亚省Mount Donna Buang生长的假八角(Tasmannia lanceolata) | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 木兰类植物 Magnoliids |
目: | 白樟目 Canellales |
科: | 林仙科 Winteraceae |
属: | 澳洲林仙属 Tasmannia R. Br. |
澳洲林仙属,又名假八角属,是林仙科之下的一个属,得名于澳大利亚南部的塔斯曼尼亚岛。澳洲林仙属都是常绿的开花木本植物,有40个品种,原生于澳大利亚、新几内亚、苏拉威西、婆罗洲及菲律宾等地。澳洲林仙属是木兰分支的成员,跟南极花卉是近亲,树皮和树叶均有香味,亦可用来提炼精油。澳洲林仙属植物由于含有独特的倍半萜烯醛,其叶和果实(特别是干燥后的果实)均带有胡椒味。在澳大利亚,愈来愈多人用来作调味,特别是胡椒的替代品,并以之制作芝士、雪糕等美味食品[1]。
分类
本属最早的描述出于罗伯特·布朗[2],原被分类为同属林仙科的新热带界林仙属(亦作冬木属)。近年的研究,令植物学家产生共识,把科内的植物分成两个不同的属:原来在新热带界植物依旧归入林仙属,而在大洋洲及邻近地带发现的品种,则归类为澳洲林仙属[3]。
品种
- Tasmannia acutifolia
- Tasmannia arfakensis
- Tasmannia beccariana
- Tasmannia brassii
- Tasmannia buxifolia
- Tasmannia coriacea
- Tasmannia cyclopum
- Tasmannia densifolia
- Tasmannia dictyophlebia
- Tasmannia dipetala
- Tasmannia elongata
- Tasmannia fistulosa
- Tasmannia glaucifolia - Fragrant Pepperbush
- Tasmannia grandiflora
- Tasmannia hatamensis
- Tasmannia insipida - Brush Pepperbush
- Tasmannia lamii
- 假八角(Tasmannia lanceolata)
- Tasmannia macrantha
- Tasmannia membranea – Pepper Tree
- Tasmannia microphylla
- Tasmannia monticola
- Tasmannia montis-wilhelmii
- Tasmannia myrtoides
- 胡椒莓(Tasmannia obovata)
- Tasmannia oligandra
- Tasmannia pachyphylla
- Tasmannia parviflora
- Tasmannia piperita
- Tasmannia pittosporoides
- Tasmannia purpurascens - Broad Leaf Pepperbush
- Tasmannia reticulata
- Tasmannia rosea
- Tasmannia rubiginosa
- Tasmannia stipitata - Dorrigo Pepper
- Tasmannia vaccinioides
- Tasmannia verticillata
- Tasmannia vickeriana - Baw Baw Pepper
- Tasmannia xerophila - Alpine Pepperbush
分布与习性
在澳大利亚,澳洲林仙属植物只分布于东部,南部从塔斯曼尼亚,一直北上至维多利亚省东部、整个新南威尔士省及昆士兰省的东南部。而在昆士兰东北部的山区,则只有最潮湿的山林及水源附近的干木才有发现,但止于海拔1500米。
参看
参考资料
注释
- ^ 宋熙年. 暢飲「山水可樂」@《為食總司令》. 2010-04-24 [2012-04-16]. (原始内容存档于2010-05-14) (中文(繁体)).
- ^ Tasmannia. 宜必思数据库澳洲植物名称索引(APNI). 澳大利亚政府植物生物多样性研究中心。.
- ^ Doust, A.N.; Drinnan, A.N. Floral development and molecular phylogeny support the generic status of Tasmannia (Winteraceae). American Journal of Botany. 2004,. Vol. 91: pp321–331.
参考书目
- Doust, Andrew N. and Drinnan, Andrew N., 2004. Floral development and molecular phylogeny support the generic status of Tasmannia (Winteraceae). American Journal of Botany 91: 321–331.
- Sampson, F.B., Williams, J.B. and Woodland, Poh S., The Morphology and Taxonomic Position of Tasmannia glaucifolia (Winteraceae), 1988. A New Australian Species. Australian Journal of Botany 36 (4): 395–414.
- Smith, Keith and Irene. 1999. Grow your own bushfoods. New Holland Publishers, Sydney, Australia.
- Robins, Juleigh. 1996. Wild Lime: Cooking from the bushfood garden. Allen & Unwin Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia.
- Bryant, Geoff. 2005. The Random House Encyclopedia of Australian Native Plants. Random House, Sydney, Australia.
- Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Flora's native plants. ABC Books, Sydney, Australia.
- Low, Tim. 1991. Wild food plants of Australia. Angus & Robertson Publishers, Sydney, Australia.