沙丘战役
沙丘战役 | |||||||
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法西战争 (1635年-1659年)的一部分 | |||||||
《沙丘战役》,夏尔-菲利普·拉里维埃绘 | |||||||
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参战方 | |||||||
法国 英格兰共和国 |
西班牙帝国 英格兰保王党 | ||||||
指挥官与领导者 | |||||||
蒂雷纳子爵 弗朗索瓦·克雷基 威廉·洛克哈特[3] |
奥地利的约翰 大孔代 路易斯·卡拉塞纳 | ||||||
兵力 | |||||||
14,000–15,000人[4][a][5] (含3,000名英军) |
14,000–15,000人[6][b][7] (含2,000名英军) | ||||||
伤亡与损失 | |||||||
400人伤亡[8] |
1,000–1,200人死亡 3,000人受伤[9] 5,000人被俘[10][8][11] |
沙丘战役(法语:Bataille des Dunes,西班牙语:Batalla de las Dunas)发生于1658年6月14日,是法西战争中的一场决定性战役。此战发生于西属尼德兰的战略港口敦刻尔克附近,蒂雷纳子爵率领的法军当时正在围攻敦克尔克,奥地利的约翰和大孔代指挥的西班牙军队尝试解围,但遭到了惨败。
在这场胜利后,法兰西王国与西班牙于1659年11月在经过谈判后签订比利牛斯条约,法国取代西班牙帝国成为欧洲霸主。
注释
- ^ 双方骑兵和步兵的兵力来源差异很大,普遍认为双方都在15,000人左右。各史家给出的人数如下:
- 6,000名骑兵,9,000名步兵(Fortescue 1899,第271页);
- 9,000名骑兵,6,000名步兵(Davis 2001,第221页);
- 9,000名骑兵,6,000名步兵(Hamilton 1874,第24页);
- 6,000名骑兵,8,000名步兵(Longueville 1907,第261页);
- 5,000-6,000名骑兵以58个中队组成,9,000名步兵以18个中队组成(Ramsay 1735,第184页);
- 6,000名骑兵,9,000名步兵(Hozier 1885,第132页);
- 4,000名骑兵,6,000名步兵(Manganiello 2004,第170页);
- 5,000-6,000名骑兵以58个中队组成,9,000名步兵以18个中队组成(Cust 1867,第85页);
- 6,000名骑兵,8,000名步兵(Waylen 1880,第204页).
- ^ Spanish et al strength:
- 8,000名骑兵,6,000名步兵(Longueville 1907,第261页);
- 5,000名骑兵,10,000名步兵(Davis 2001,第221页);
- 8,000名骑兵,6,000名步兵以15个中队组成(Ramsay 1735,第499–500页);
- 8,000名骑兵,6,000名步兵(Hozier 1885,第131页);
- 3,000名骑兵,12,000名步兵(Manganiello 2004,第171页) and;
- 9,000-10,000名骑兵,5,000名步兵(Cust 1867,第85页)
- 孔代4,000名骑兵在左翼(Waylen 1880,第205页).
注脚
- ^ Sandler 2002,第247页.
- ^ Lopez 2012,第32–33页.
- ^ De Périni & 1896 227.
- ^ Fortescue 1899,第271页.
- ^ Fortescue 1899,第271页Hozier 1885,第132页
- ^ Fortescue 1899,第270页.
- ^ Fortescue 1899,第270页 also,Hozier 1885,第131页.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Davis 2001,第225页.
- ^ Clodfelter 2017,第42页.
- ^ Grant 2010,第358页.
- ^ Tucker 2010,第213页.
参考文献
- De Périni, Hardÿ. Batailles françaises, Volume IV. Ernest Flammarion, Paris. 1896: 227.</ref>
- Clodfelter, Micheal, Warfare and Armed Conflict: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015, 2017
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- Longueville, Thomas, Marshall Turenne, London: Longmans, Green, & Co.: 252–267, 1907
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