手术阴道分娩

手术阴道分娩
手术阴道分娩
	1800年产科用来助产的工具
专科	产科

手术阴道分娩是指利用产钳或真空牵引（英语：Ventouse）辅助的阴道分娩^[1]。

若在分娩时有胎儿窘迫或产妇窘迫等情形，就需要使用手术阴道分娩，这是替代剖宫产的作法^[2]。相较于剖宫产，目前手术阴道分娩使用情形已在下降^[2]^[3]。主要使用的两种工具是产钳及真空牵引器，各自会有不同的并发症风险。使用手术阴道分娩对产妇可能有的并发症有：骨盆底层（英语：pelvic floor）受伤、会阴撕裂（英语：Perineal tear）或产后出血^[4]^[5]。婴儿可能会有的并发症有：头皮瘀伤、视网膜出血、头皮及脸部的擦伤^[5]^[6]。

手术阴道分娩是造成产后出血的危险因子之一。

参考资料

^ Operative Vaginal Delivery (PDF). RCOG. NICE. January 2011 [3 October 2018]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-17）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Research gaps and needs to optimize the use of assisted vaginal birth: technical brief. World Health Organization. 2023 [July 25, 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-25）.
^ Evanson SM, Riggs J. Forceps Delivery. StatPearls (Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing). 2023 [2023-07-31]. PMID 30855808. （原始内容存档于2022-08-13）.
^ Spinelli A, Laurenti V, Carrano FM, Gonzalez-Díaz E, Borycka-Kiciak K. Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries: New Evidence and Perspectives. Journal of Clinical Medicine. July 2021, 10 (15): 3261. PMC 8347477 . PMID 34362045. doi:10.3390/jcm10153261 .
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Norwitz ER, Zelop CM, Miller DA, Keefe D (编). Evidence-based obstetrics and gynecology. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell. 2019. ISBN 978-1-119-07298-0.
^ Verma, Ganga L.; Spalding, Jessica J.; Wilkinson, Marc D.; Hofmeyr, G. Justus; Vannevel, Valerie; O'Mahony, Fidelma. Instruments for assisted vaginal birth. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021-09-24, 2021 (9): CD005455. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 8462579 . PMID 34559884. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005455.pub3.

[1] Operative Vaginal Delivery (PDF). RCOG. NICE. January 2011 [3 October 2018]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-17）.

[World_Health_Organization_2023-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Research gaps and needs to optimize the use of assisted vaginal birth: technical brief. World Health Organization. 2023 [July 25, 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-25）.

[Evanson_2023-3] Evanson SM, Riggs J. Forceps Delivery. StatPearls (Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing). 2023 [2023-07-31]. PMID 30855808. （原始内容存档于2022-08-13）.

[Spinelli_2021-4] Spinelli A, Laurenti V, Carrano FM, Gonzalez-Díaz E, Borycka-Kiciak K. Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries: New Evidence and Perspectives. Journal of Clinical Medicine. July 2021, 10 (15): 3261. PMC 8347477 . PMID 34362045. doi:10.3390/jcm10153261 .

[Norwitz_2019-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Norwitz ER, Zelop CM, Miller DA, Keefe D (编). Evidence-based obstetrics and gynecology. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell. 2019. ISBN 978-1-119-07298-0.

[:0-6] Verma, Ganga L.; Spalding, Jessica J.; Wilkinson, Marc D.; Hofmeyr, G. Justus; Vannevel, Valerie; O'Mahony, Fidelma. Instruments for assisted vaginal birth. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021-09-24, 2021 (9): CD005455. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 8462579 . PMID 34559884. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005455.pub3.

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参考资料