恋臭假单胞菌

恋臭假单胞菌
科学分类
域：	细菌域 Bacteria
门：	假单胞菌门 Pseudomonadota
纲：	γ-变形菌纲 Gammaproteobacteria
目：	假单胞菌目 Pseudomonadales
科：	假单胞菌科 Pseudomonadaceae
属：	假单胞菌属 Pseudomonas
种：	恋臭假单胞菌 P. putida
二名法
	Pseudomonas putida; Trevisan, 1889
模式菌株
	ATCC 12633 ; CCUG 12690 ; CFBP 2066 ; DSM 291 ; HAMBI 7 ; JCM 13063 and 20120 ; LMG 2257 ; NBRC 14164 ; NCAIM B.01634 ; NCCB 72006 and 68020 ; NCTC 10936
异名
	Bacillus fluorescens putidus" Flügge 1886 ; Bacillus putidus Trevisan 1889 ; Pseudomonas eisenbergii Migula 1900 ; Pseudomonas convexa Chester 1901 ; Pseudomonas incognita Chester 1901 ; Pseudomonas ovalis Chester 1901 ; Pseudomonas rugosa (Wright 1895) Chester 1901 ; Pseudomonas striata Chester 1901 ; Pseudomonas mildenbergii Bergey, et al. ; Arthrobacter siderocapsulatus Dubinina and Zhdanov 1975 ; Pseudomonas arvilla O. Hayaishi ; Pseudomonas barkeri Rhodes ; Pseudomonas cyanogena Hammer

恋臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida）是一种营腐生的土壤杆菌，属于革兰氏阴性菌，根据16SrRNA基因分析结果归为假单胞菌属（狭义），同其他几个物种一起并入该属下的恋臭假单胞菌组。^[1]

通过对假单胞菌属的所有完整基因组进行系统基因组学测序，人们发现恋臭假单胞菌并不是一个单系演化支，而是包括了多个物种在内的、范围更广的进化群体，即恋臭假单胞菌组。^[2]

恋臭假单胞菌（的一个变种）是世界上首个获得专利的生物体，向生物颁发专利的行为引起了一些争议。最终美国最高法院判决这一变种的发明人查克拉巴蒂（英语：Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty）胜诉，这一史无前例的判决成为美国的判例《戴蒙德诉查克拉巴蒂案》。

恋臭假单胞菌拥有丰富的代谢途径，可以分解甲苯等有机分子^[3]，应用于生物修复和污染治理中。虽然同属的许多物种也有类似的能力，但恋臭假单胞菌最大的优点是安全无害，而不像绿脓杆菌（P. aeruginosa）是潜在的人类病原体。

应用

生物修复

恋臭假单胞菌在生物修复领域有着极为广泛的应用，例如，它可用作土壤接种物（英语：bioremediation）修复受到萘污染的土地。^[4] 它还能将难以被生物分解的苯乙烯转化为可被生物分解的聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA），利于泡沫塑料的回收。^[5]^[6]

生物防治

恋臭假单胞菌具有生物防治的潜力，可以抑制瓜果腐霉^[7]和尖孢镰刀菌^[8]等植物病原体的生长。

Oligonucleotide Usage Signatures of the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 Genome

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Di- to pentanucleotide usage and the list of the most abundant octa- to tetradecanucleotides are useful measures of the bacterial genomic signature. The Pseudomonas putida KT2440 chromosome is characterized by strand symmetry and intra-strand parity of complementary oligonucleotides. Each tetranucleotide occurs with similar frequency on the two strands. Tetranucleotide usage is biased by G+C content and physicochemical constraints such as base stacking energy, dinucleotide propeller twist angle or trinucleotide bendability. The 105 regions with atypical oligonucleotide composition can be differentiated by their patterns of oligonucleotide usage into categories of horizontally acquired gene islands, multidomain genes or ancient regions such as genes for ribosomal proteins and RNAs. A species-specific extragenic palindromic sequence is the most common repeat in the genome that can be exploited for the typing of P. putida strains. In the coding sequence of P. putida LLL is the most abundant tripeptide.^[9]

有机合成

恋臭假单胞菌对基因编辑表现出良好的服从性，因此可用于医药、农业领域多种化合物的工业生产。

CBB5和咖啡因

“Pseudomonas putida CBB5”这一野生品系可以在纯咖啡因中存活，并将咖啡因分解为二氧化碳和氨。^[10]^[11]

参考文献

^ Anzai, Y; Kim, H; Park, J Y; Wakabayashi, H; Oyaizu, HYR 2000. Phylogenetic affiliation of the pseudomonads based on 16S rRNA sequence.. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. [2023-02-19]. ISSN 1466-5034. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-4-1563. （原始内容存档于2023-02-19）.
^ Nikolaidis, Marios; Mossialos, Dimitris; Oliver, Stephen G.; Amoutzias, Grigorios D. Comparative Analysis of the Core Proteomes among the Pseudomonas Major Evolutionary Groups Reveals Species-Specific Adaptations for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas chlororaphis. Diversity. 2020-08, 12 (8) [2023-02-19]. ISSN 1424-2818. doi:10.3390/d12080289. （原始内容存档于2022-12-15）（英语）.
^ Marqués, Silvia; Ramos, Juan L. Transcriptional control of the Pseudomonas putida TOL plasmid catabolic pathways. Molecular Microbiology. 1993, 9 (5): 923–9. PMID 7934920. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01222.x.
^ Gomes, NC; Kosheleva, IA; Abraham, WR; Smalla, K. Effects of the inoculant strain Pseudomonas putida KT2442 (pNF142) and of naphthalene contamination on the soil bacterial community. FEMS microbiology ecology. 2005, 54 (1): 21–33. PMID 16329969. doi:10.1016/j.femsec.2005.02.005.
^ Immortal Polystyrene Foam Meets its Enemy | LiveScience. [2014-05-20]. （原始内容存档于2008-11-23）.
^ Ward, PG; Goff, M; Donner, M; Kaminsky, W; O'Connor, KE. A two step chemo-biotechnological conversion of polystyrene to a biodegradable thermoplastic. Environmental science & technology. 2006, 40 (7): 2433–7. PMID 16649270. doi:10.1021/es0517668.
^ Amer, GA; Utkhede, RS. Development of formulations of biological agents for management of root rot of lettuce and cucumber. Canadian journal of microbiology. 2000, 46 (9): 809–16. PMID 11006841. doi:10.1139/w00-063.
^ Validov, S; Kamilova, F; Qi, S; Stephan, D; Wang, JJ; Makarova, N; Lugtenberg, B. Selection of bacteria able to control Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Radicis-lycopersici in stonewool substrate. Journal of applied microbiology. 2007, 102 (2): 461–71. PMID 17241352. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03083.x.
^ Cornelis P (editor). Pseudomonas: Genomics and Molecular Biology 1st. Caister Academic Press. 2008 [2014-05-20]. ISBN 1-904455-19-0. （原始内容存档于2016-09-12）.
^ 存档副本. [2014-05-20]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-17）.
^ Summers, RM; Louie, TM; Yu, CL; Subramanian, M. Characterization of a broad-specificity non-haem iron N-demethylase from Pseudomonas putida CBB5 capable of utilizing several purine alkaloids as sole carbon and nitrogen source. Microbiology (Reading, England). 2011, 157 (Pt 2): 583–92. PMID 20966097. doi:10.1099/mic.0.043612-0.

外部链接

（英文）Risk Assessment Summary, CEPA 1999. Pseudomonas putida CR30RNSLL(pADPTel) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
（英文）Pseudomonas putida is an example for plant growth promoting Rhizobacterium, which produces iron chelating substances.

[1] Anzai, Y; Kim, H; Park, J Y; Wakabayashi, H; Oyaizu, HYR 2000. Phylogenetic affiliation of the pseudomonads based on 16S rRNA sequence.. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. [2023-02-19]. ISSN 1466-5034. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-4-1563. （原始内容存档于2023-02-19）.

[2] Nikolaidis, Marios; Mossialos, Dimitris; Oliver, Stephen G.; Amoutzias, Grigorios D. Comparative Analysis of the Core Proteomes among the Pseudomonas Major Evolutionary Groups Reveals Species-Specific Adaptations for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas chlororaphis. Diversity. 2020-08, 12 (8) [2023-02-19]. ISSN 1424-2818. doi:10.3390/d12080289. （原始内容存档于2022-12-15）（英语）.

[3] Marqués, Silvia; Ramos, Juan L. Transcriptional control of the Pseudomonas putida TOL plasmid catabolic pathways. Molecular Microbiology. 1993, 9 (5): 923–9. PMID 7934920. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01222.x.

[4] Gomes, NC; Kosheleva, IA; Abraham, WR; Smalla, K. Effects of the inoculant strain Pseudomonas putida KT2442 (pNF142) and of naphthalene contamination on the soil bacterial community. FEMS microbiology ecology. 2005, 54 (1): 21–33. PMID 16329969. doi:10.1016/j.femsec.2005.02.005.

[5] Immortal Polystyrene Foam Meets its Enemy | LiveScience. [2014-05-20]. （原始内容存档于2008-11-23）.

[6] Ward, PG; Goff, M; Donner, M; Kaminsky, W; O'Connor, KE. A two step chemo-biotechnological conversion of polystyrene to a biodegradable thermoplastic. Environmental science & technology. 2006, 40 (7): 2433–7. PMID 16649270. doi:10.1021/es0517668.

[7] Amer, GA; Utkhede, RS. Development of formulations of biological agents for management of root rot of lettuce and cucumber. Canadian journal of microbiology. 2000, 46 (9): 809–16. PMID 11006841. doi:10.1139/w00-063.

[8] Validov, S; Kamilova, F; Qi, S; Stephan, D; Wang, JJ; Makarova, N; Lugtenberg, B. Selection of bacteria able to control Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Radicis-lycopersici in stonewool substrate. Journal of applied microbiology. 2007, 102 (2): 461–71. PMID 17241352. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03083.x.

[Cornelis-9] Cornelis P (editor). Pseudomonas: Genomics and Molecular Biology 1st. Caister Academic Press. 2008 [2014-05-20]. ISBN 1-904455-19-0. （原始内容存档于2016-09-12）.

[10] 存档副本. [2014-05-20]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-17）.

[11] Summers, RM; Louie, TM; Yu, CL; Subramanian, M. Characterization of a broad-specificity non-haem iron N-demethylase from Pseudomonas putida CBB5 capable of utilizing several purine alkaloids as sole carbon and nitrogen source. Microbiology (Reading, England). 2011, 157 (Pt 2): 583–92. PMID 20966097. doi:10.1099/mic.0.043612-0.

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