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喜玛拉雅狼

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维基百科，自由的百科全书
喜玛拉雅狼
尼泊尔安纳布林纳峰保护区内的喜玛拉雅狼
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目： 食肉目 Carnivora
科： 犬科 Canidae
属： 犬属 Canis
种：
C. lupus
亚种：
喜玛拉雅狼 C. l. chanco
三名法
Canis lupus chanco
Gray, 1863 [1]
喜马拉雅狼分布（高地红点）与全北界灰狼（低地蓝点）的比较[2]

喜马拉雅狼（学名：Canis lupus chanco）[3]是一种具争议的犬属分类[2]。根据它的遗传标记，其线粒体DNA显示它的遗传基群是北极灰狼，而在遗传上则与藏狼相同[2][4][5]。喜玛拉雅狼与非洲金狼（Canis lupaster）间也有关联[2][5][6]。在喜玛拉雅狼和藏狼的狼之间并没有明显的形态差异。[7]喜马拉雅狼生活在喜马拉雅山的拉达克、青藏高原[8][9]和中亚高地（英语：Mountains of Central Asia）。它们主要在海拔4000米以上。喜玛拉雅狼已经适应了低氧环境，而其他狼只发现在低海拔地区。[9]

特征

喜玛拉雅狼

喜马拉雅狼有厚厚的皮毛，背部和尾巴呈暗褐色，面部、腹部和四肢呈黄白色。它长约110厘米（45吋），肩高76厘米（30吋）[10][11][12][13]。比伊朗狼大[14]。口吻、眼睛下方、上脸颊和耳朵上都有紧密排列的黑色斑点[15]。重大约35千克（77磅）[7]。

喜马拉雅狼的心脏能承受高海拔地区的低氧水平，使它的心脏跳动的基因RYR2为其原因[16]。

生活习惯

喜马拉雅狼是群居动物，一群狼的数量大约为6至8只。一些喜马拉雅狼的栖息范围与印度狼重叠。然而，两者似乎很少发生冲突。[17]

喜玛拉雅狼通常在晚上捕猎，主要捕捉中小型动物。主要为啮齿动物和兔子，有时也会捕捉大型动物。其中包括岩羊、藏羚羊、喜马拉雅旱獭等。[18]

参考文献

  1. ^ Gray, J. E. Notice of the Chanco or Golden Wolf (Canis chanco) from Chinese Tartary. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1863: 94. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Werhahn, Geraldine; Senn, Helen; Ghazali, Muhammad; Karmacharya, Dibesh; Sherchan, Adarsh Man; Joshi, Jyoti; Kusi, Naresh; López-Bao, José Vincente; Rosen, Tanya; Kachel, Shannon; Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio. The unique genetic adaptation of the Himalayan wolf to high-altitudes and consequences for conservation. Global Ecology and Conservation. 2018-10, 16 [2022-07-21]. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00455. （原始内容存档于2020-07-29） （英语）. 
  3. ^ Alvares, F.; Bogdanowicz, W.; Campbell, L.A.D.; Godinho, R.; Hatlauf, J.; Jhala, Y.V.; Kitchener, A. C.; Koepfli, K.-P.; Krofel, M.; Moehlman, P. D.; Senn, H.; Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Viranta, S.; Werhahn, G. Old World Canis spp. with taxonomic ambiguity: Workshop conclusions and recommendations (PDF) (报告). Vairão, Portugal: IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos. 28th–30th May 2019 [2020-03-06]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-03-08）. 
  4. ^ Ersmark, Erik; Klütsch, Cornelya F. C.; Chan, Yvonne L.; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Fain, Steven R.; Illarionova, Natalia A.; Oskarsson, Mattias; Uhlén, Mathias; Zhang, Ya-ping; Dalén, Love; Savolainen, Peter. From the Past to the Present: Wolf Phylogeography and Demographic History Based on the Mitochondrial Control Region. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2016-12-02, 4 [2022-07-21]. ISSN 2296-701X. doi:10.3389/fevo.2016.00134. （原始内容存档于2017-03-13）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Werhahn, Geraldine; Senn, Helen; Kaden, Jennifer; Joshi, Jyoti; Bhattarai, Susmita; Kusi, Naresh; Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Macdonald, David W. Phylogenetic evidence for the ancient Himalayan wolf: towards a clarification of its taxonomic status based on genetic sampling from western Nepal. Royal Society Open Science. 2017-06, 4 (6) [2022-07-21]. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 5493914 可免费查阅. PMID 28680672. doi:10.1098/rsos.170186. （原始内容存档于2022-08-03） （英语）. 
  6. ^ Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Pollinger, John; Godinho, Raquel; Robinson, Jacqueline; Lea, Amanda; Hendricks, Sarah; Schweizer, Rena M.; Thalmann, Olaf; Silva, Pedro; Fan, Zhenxin; Yurchenko, Andrey A. Genome-wide Evidence Reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals Are Distinct Species. Current Biology. 2015-08, 25 (16) [2022-07-21]. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060. （原始内容存档于2022-08-03） （英语）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Shrotriya, S.; Lyngdoh, S.; Habib, B. Wolves in Trans-Himalayas: 165 years of taxonomic confusion (PDF). Current Science. 2012, 103 (8) [June 27, 2014]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-09-23）. 
  8. ^ Joshi, BheemDutt; Lyngdoh, Salvador; Singh, Sujeet Kumar; Sharma, Reeta; Kumar, Vinay; Tiwari, Ved Prakash; Dar, S. A.; Maheswari, Aishwarya; Pal, Ranjana; Bashir, Tawqir; Reshamwala, Hussain Saifee. Janke, Axel , 编. Revisiting the Woolly wolf (Canis lupus chanco) phylogeny in Himalaya: Addressing taxonomy, spatial extent and distribution of an ancient lineage in Asia. PLOS ONE. 2020-04-16, 15 (4). ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7162449 可免费查阅. PMID 32298359. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231621 （英语）. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Werhahn, Geraldine; Liu, Yanjiang; Meng, Yao; Cheng, Chen; Lu, Zhi; Atzeni, Luciano; Deng, Zhixiong; Kun, Shi; Shao, Xinning; Lu, Qi; Joshi, Jyoti. Himalayan wolf distribution and admixture based on multiple genetic markers. Journal of Biogeography. 2020-06, 47 (6) [2022-07-21]. ISSN 0305-0270. doi:10.1111/jbi.13824. （原始内容存档于2022-07-21） （英语）. 
  10. ^ Hodgson, B. H. 7. Description of the Wild Ass (Asinus polydon) and Wolf of Tibet (Lupus laniger). Calcutta Journal of Natural History. 1847, 7: 469–477. 
  11. ^ Blanford, W. T. Canis lupus. The Wolf. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia First. London: Taylor and Francis. 1888: 135–140. 
  12. ^ Lydekker, R. The Tibetan Wolf. The great and small game of India, Burma, and Tibet. London: R. Ward. 1900: 339–340. 
  13. ^ Pocock, R. I. Canis lupus chanco Gray. The Woolly Wolf. Fauna of British India. Mammals Volume 2. London: Taylor and Francis. 1941: 86–90. 
  14. ^ Jerdon, T. C. The Indian wolf. The mammals of India: a natural history of all the animals known to inhabit continental India. London: John Wheldon. 1874: 140–141. 
  15. ^ Chetri, Madhu; Jhala, Yadvendradev; Jnawali, Shant Raj; Subedi, Naresh; Dhakal, Maheshwar; Yumnam, Bibek. Ancient Himalayan wolf (Canis lupus chanco) lineage in Upper Mustang of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. ZooKeys. 2016-04-21, 582 [2022-07-21]. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 4857050 可免费查阅. PMID 27199590. doi:10.3897/zookeys.582.5966. （原始内容存档于2022-01-26）. 
  16. ^ Zhang, Wenping; Fan, Zhenxin; Han, Eunjung; Hou, Rong; Zhang, Liang; Galaverni, Marco; Huang, Jie; Liu, Hong; Silva, Pedro; Li, Peng; Pollinger, John P. Akey, Joshua M. , 编. Hypoxia Adaptations in the Grey Wolf (Canis lupus chanco) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. PLoS Genetics. 2014-07-31, 10 (7). ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 4117439 可免费查阅. PMID 25078401. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004466 （英语）. 
  17. ^ Himalayan Wolf. Wolf Facts. [2022-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23）. 
  18. ^ Himalayan Wolf (Canis himalayensis). The Wolf Intelligencer. [2022-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-11）. 
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=喜瑪拉雅狼&oldid=80044113”