凯鲁库企鹅属

凯鲁库企鹅属; 化石时期：渐新世晚期, 28.4–23.03 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	凯鲁库企鹅的复原图
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	鸟纲 Aves
目：	企鹅目 Sphenisciformes
属：	†凯鲁库企鹅属 Kairuku; Ksepka et al., 2012
模式种
	弯嘴凯鲁库企鹅; Kairuku waitaki; Ksepka, Fordyce, Ando & Jones, 2012
其他物种
	格氏凯鲁库企鹅; K. grebneffi Ksepka et al., 2012; 长腿凯鲁库企鹅; K. waewaeroa Giovanardi, Ksepka & Thomas, 2021;

凯鲁库企鹅属（属名：Kairuku，在毛利语中意为“（带回）食物（的）潜水者”）是已灭绝的大型企鹅^[1]，包括3个物种：格氏凯鲁库企鹅（英语：Kairuku grebneffi）（K. grebneffi）、弯嘴凯鲁库企鹅（K. waitaki）^[2]及长腿凯鲁库企鹅（K. waewaeroa）^[3]。化石发现于地层年代渐新世晚期（约2,500 - 2,700万年前）^[4]的新西兰科科穆·格林桑德（英语：Kokoamu Greensand）地层组^[1]。

描述

格氏凯鲁库企鹅体长约1.5米（4.9英尺），站起来时高度达1.3米（4.3英尺）^[1]，体重接近60千克（130英磅），比皇帝企鹅还重上50%^[4]。牠们拥有目前已知包括所有现存与已灭绝的企鹅中最长的肱骨^[1]，更长的嘴喙、更瘦长的身体^[5]、更长的鳍状肢，行动可能较现存的企鹅更为灵活^[5]^[6]。

凯鲁库企鹅利用牠们尖锐的嘴喙在海中捕捉鱼和乌贼^[5]，可能比现存的企鹅更善于游泳，并会游至更深远的海洋中^[4]，主要天敌为鲨鱼和鲛齿鲸^[5]

大众文化

在游戏《方舟：生存进化》中，玩家可以驯服并饲养凯鲁库企鹅。

参见

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Ksepka, D.T.; Fordyce, R.E.; Ando, T. & Jones, C.M. New fossil penguins (Aves, Sphenisciformes) from the Oligocene of New Zealand reveal the skeletal plan of stem penguins. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2012, 32 (2): 235–254. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.652051.
^ Giant Prehistoric Penguin was Bigger Than an Emperor | Observations, Scientific American Blog Network. [2019-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2012-02-28）.
^ Fossilised long-legged giant penguin identified as new species. [2021-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-04）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Scientists reconstruct ‘elegant’ giant penguin that lived in New Zealand 26 million years ago. Dawn.com. Associated Press. March 1, 2012 [March 1, 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-04）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Jennifer Viegas. Ancient Penguin Weighed 130 Pounds. Discovery News. February 27, 2012 [March 1, 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-13）.
^ Fossils show huge penguin once roamed New Zealand. Google. AFP. February 28, 2012 [March 1, 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-01）.

[Kairuku-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Ksepka, D.T.; Fordyce, R.E.; Ando, T. & Jones, C.M. New fossil penguins (Aves, Sphenisciformes) from the Oligocene of New Zealand reveal the skeletal plan of stem penguins. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2012, 32 (2): 235–254. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.652051.

[2] Giant Prehistoric Penguin was Bigger Than an Emperor | Observations, Scientific American Blog Network. [2019-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2012-02-28）.

[3] Fossilised long-legged giant penguin identified as new species. [2021-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-04）.

[AP-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Scientists reconstruct ‘elegant’ giant penguin that lived in New Zealand 26 million years ago. Dawn.com. Associated Press. March 1, 2012 [March 1, 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-04）.

[discovery-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Jennifer Viegas. Ancient Penguin Weighed 130 Pounds. Discovery News. February 27, 2012 [March 1, 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-13）.

[AFP-6] Fossils show huge penguin once roamed New Zealand. Google. AFP. February 28, 2012 [March 1, 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-01）.

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