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.jpg) 在马雷岛海军造船厂的狐鲣号；注意其舰艏装上了梭鱼级独有的大型声纳音鼓
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| 历史 | |
|---|---|
.svg){kind=small} 美国
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| 船名 | USS 狐鲣号 |
| 舰名出处 | 狐鲣，鲭科鱼中的一类 |
| 建造方 | 马雷岛海军造船厂[1] |
| 铺设龙骨 | 19 May 1950[1] |
| 下水日期 | 21 June 1951[1] |
| 入役日期 | 11 January 1952[1] |
| 退役日期 | 7 November 1958 |
| 除籍日 | 1 April 1965[1] |
| 结局 | Sold for scrap, 17 November 1966[1] |
| 技术数据 | |
| 船级 | Barracuda-class diesel-electric Hunter-killer submarine |
| 排水量 | |
| 船长 | 196英尺1英寸（59.77米） overall[1] |
| 型宽 | 24英尺7英寸（7.49米）[1] |
| 吃水 | 14英尺5英寸（4.39米） mean[1] |
| 动力来源 |
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| 船速 | |
| 续航力 | 9,000海里（17,000千米）[3] |
| 潜航深度 | 400英尺（120米）[1] |
| 乘员 | 37 officers and men[1] |
| 武器装备 | 4 × 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes |
USS Bonita (SSK-3/SS-552), a Barracuda-class submarine, was the fourth ship of the United States Navy to be named for the bonito, a name applied to several types of fish, including the skipjack tuna, (Katsuwonus pelamis), the Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda), the lesser amberjack (Seriola fasciata), or the cobia (Rachycentron canadum). She was originally named USS K-3 (SSK-3).
The original contract for construction of K-3 (SSK-3) was awarded to New York Shipbuilding Corporation of Camden, New Jersey, but later transferred to Mare Island Naval Shipyard of Vallejo, California, where her keel was laid down on 19 May 1950. She was launched as K-3 on 21 June 1951, sponsored by Mrs. J.S. Clark, widow of Commander James S. Clark (who died while commanding “Golet”号SS-361), and commissioned on 11 January 1952.
The three SSK boats, “K-1”号SSK-1 (3), “K-2”号SSK-2 (3), and K-3 (SSK-3), were equipped with the large BQR-4 bow-mounted sonar array as part of Project Kayo, which experimented with the use of passive acoustics with low-frequency, bow-mounted sonar arrays. When the boat was rigged for silent running, these arrays gave greatly improved convergence zone detection ranges against snorkeling submarines. The SSKs themselves were limited in their anti-submarine warfare (ASW) abilities by their low speed and their need to snorkel periodically to recharge their batteries, but the advances in sonar technology they pioneered were invaluable to the development of nuclear-powered submarines. The class was developed as mobilization prototypes should large numbers of Soviet submarines based on the Type XXI U-boat appear.
Service history
K-3 joined Submarine Squadron 7 at Pearl Harbor on 15 May 1952 and performed experimental submarine duties, notably development of ASW tactics. In February 1955 she entered Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard for overhaul, emerging in September. She was renamed Bonita 15 December 1955. She made a cruise to Alaskan waters in August and September 1956.
In June 1957 she was reassigned to Submarine Squadron 5 at San Diego, California, for ASW training duties. In October she reported to San Francisco Naval Shipyard for overhaul and the installation of new electronics, returning to San Diego in January 1958.
In 1958, the Soviet threat changed from conventional to nuclear-powered submarines, and the SSK force was withdrawn from the SSK role. In April–June 1958 Bonita was used as a nuclear weapons testing target at Eniwetok in the South Pacific, part of Operation Hardtack I. Fortunately, this was designed as shock testing rather than destructive testing, and damage was light except to electronics.[4]
Fate
She was decommissioned on 7 November 1958, and given hull classification symbol SS-552 on 15 August 1959. She was struck from the Naval Register on 1 April 1965, and sold for scrap on 17 November 1966.
References
- ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S., Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press: 284, 1991, ISBN 0-313-26202-0
- ^ Friedman, Norman. U.S. Submarines Since 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. 1994: 75–82, 241–242. ISBN 1-55750-260-9.
- ^ Friedman, p. 77
- ^ Firsthand account of nuclear testing by a Bonita crew member
- Photo gallery of USS Bonita at NavSource.org
- 本条目包含来自属于公共领域的美国海军军舰辞典的文本。 完整内容请参见[1]。
External links
- "Cover Artwork of SSK-3" Popular Mechanics, August 1953.