用户:Heihaheihaha/颏孔
 | 这是Heihaheihaha的用户页。用户沙盒是用户页的子页面，属于用户的测试区，不是维基百科条目。 您可以直接创建自己的沙盒，也能在创建用户子页面时，添加 {{User sandbox notice}}作为沙盒使用。公用沙盒：主沙盒 | 使用指南沙盒一、二 | 模板沙盒 | 更多…… 外观选项： 用字选项： |
| 颏孔 | |
|---|---|
 “人类下颚外侧面观（左侧可见颏孔） | |
| 基本信息 | |
| 属于 | Mandible |
| 标识字符 | |
| 拉丁文 | foramen mentale |
| 《骨骼解剖学术语》 [在维基数据上编辑] | |
颏孔是人类下颌第二前磨牙根下方的两个对称孔道（开口），内有颏血管和下牙槽神经的分支通过。
结构
The mental foramen is located on the anterior surface of the mandible. It is directly below the commisure of the lips, and the tendon of depressor labii inferioris muscle.[1] It is at the end of the mandibular canal, which begins at the mandibular foramen on the posterior surface of the mandible. It transmits the terminal branches of the inferior alveolar nerve (the mental nerve),[1] the mental artery, and the mental vein.
变异
The mental foramen descends slightly in toothless individuals.[2]
The mental foramen is in line with the longitudinal axis of the 2nd premolar in 63% of people.[3] It generally lies at the level of the vestibular fornix and about a finger's breadth above the inferior border of the mandible.
In the general population, 17% of mandibles have an additional mental foramen or foramina on at least one side,[3] while 4% of the mandibles show multiple mental foramina on both sides. Most are unequal in size, often with a single large foramen while any others are smaller.[3] An incisive mental foramen is observed in 1% of the side of the mandible.[3]
临床意义
The mental nerve may be anaesthetized as it leaves the mental foramen.[1] This causes loss of sensation to the lower lip and chin on the same side.[1]
其它图像
-
Side view of the skull. -
The skull from the front. -
Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion. -
Mandibular division of the trifacial nerve. -
The permanent teeth, viewed from the right.
参考
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Doherty, Tom; Schumacher, James. 15 - Dental restraint and anesthesia. Equine Dentistry 3rd. Saunders. 2011: 241–244. ISBN 978-0-7020-2980-6. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-2980-6.00015-5.
- ^ Soikkonen K, Wolf J, Ainamo A, Xie Q. Changes in the position of the mental foramen as a result of alveolar atrophy. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. November 1995, 22 (11): 831–3. PMID 8558356. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2842.1995.tb00230.x.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Jaffar, A. A.; Al-Zubaidi, A. F.; Al-Salihi, A. R. Anatomical features of clinical significance in dry mandibles.. Iraqi Dental Journal. 2002, 29: 99–118. （原始内容存档于2008-12-29）.
外部链接
