MRNA去帽
mRNA去帽（mRNA decapping）又称mRNA脱帽，是细胞中将mRNA的5′端帽水解还原成5′磷酸基的反应。真核生物细胞中正活跃翻译的mRNA会与多核糖体结合，5′端帽会与eIF4E、eIF4G等起始因子结合而难与去帽酶接触，在养分缺乏或受病毒感染等逆境中mRNA的翻译可能被抑制，使5′端帽裸露，DCP2等去帽酶可将其5′端帽移除，之后mRNA的5′磷酸基会被RNA外切酶Xrn1等识别，使mRNA被快速降解[1][2] 。去帽与mRNA降解可能皆是在处理小体（P-body）中进行[3]。原核生物中也有类似机制，mRNA的5′端帽则可被RppH等去帽酶水解，将三磷酸基转为单磷酸基，促进RNA被降解[4][5]。
真核生物中具无义突变的mRNA翻译时会触发无义介导的mRNA降解（NMD）途径，将mRNA去帽后降解[6]。一些miRNA也可促进去帽酶与其目标的mRNA结合，进而将其去帽降解[7]。
参考文献
- ^ Meyer, Sylke; Temme, Claudia; Wahle, Elmar. Messenger RNA Turnover in Eukaryotes: Pathways and Enzymes. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. January 2004, 39 (4): 197–216. PMID 15596551. doi:10.1080/10409230490513991.
- ^ Poole, Toni L.; Stevens, Audrey. Structural Modifications of RNA Influence the 5′ Exoribonucleolytic Hydrolysis by XRN1 and HKE1 ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae (PDF). Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. June 1997, 235 (3): 799–805 [2021-05-03]. PMID 9207242. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6877. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-05-03）.
- ^ Sheth, Ujwal; Parker, Roy. Decapping and decay of messenger RNA occur in cytoplasmic processing bodies. Science. 2003-05-02, 300 (5620): 805–808. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..805S. ISSN 1095-9203. PMC 1876714
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- ^ Deana A, Celesnik H, Belasco JG. The bacterial enzyme RppH triggers messenger RNA degradation by 5' pyrophosphate removal.. Nature. 2008, 451 (7176): 355–8. PMID 18202662. doi:10.1038/nature06475.
- ^ Hsieh, Ping-kun; Richards, Jamie; Liu, Quansheng; Belasco, Joel G. Specificity of RppH-dependent RNA degradation in Bacillus subtilis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 22 April 2013, 110 (22): 8864–8869. PMC 3670361 . PMID 23610425. doi:10.1073/pnas.1222670110.
- ^ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G. Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes.. Biochem Pharmacol. 1975, 24 (17): 1639–41 [2022-05-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-04）.
- ^ Nishihara T, Zekri L, Braun JE, Izaurralde E. miRISC recruits decapping factors to miRNA targets to enhance their degradation.. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013, 41 (18): 8692–705. PMC 3794582 . PMID 23863838. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt619.
