肿瘤微环境
肿瘤微环境（英语：Tumor microenvironment）是指肿瘤细胞存在的周围微环境，包括周围的血管、免疫细胞、成纤维细胞、骨髓源性炎性细胞、各种信号分子和细胞外基质（ECM）。[1][2][3]
肿瘤和周围环境密切相关，不断进行交互作用，肿瘤可以通过释放细胞信号分子影响其微环境环境，促进肿瘤的血管生成和诱导免疫耐受，而微环境中的免疫细胞可影响癌细胞增长和发育。[4] 肿瘤微环境中常见的免疫细胞特性包含以下三者[5]：(1)具细胞毒杀功能的自然杀手细胞、细胞毒性T细胞数量减少；(2)具免疫抑制功能的骨髓来源的抑制性细胞(Myeloid-derived suppressor cell, MDSC)及调节T细胞数量增加[6]；(3)巨噬细胞及嗜中性球分别由具促发炎能力的M1及N1表型，转变为具抑制免疫反应而能促进肿瘤生长的M2及N2表型[7]
肿瘤微环境有助于肿瘤异质性的形成。
参考文献
- ^ NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. National Cancer Institute. [2018-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-09）.
- ^ Joyce, Johanna A.; Fearon, Douglas T. T cell exclusion, immune privilege, and the tumor microenvironment. Science Magazine: 74–80. 3 April 2015 [2015-06-25]. doi:10.1126/science.aaa6204. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）.
|volume=被忽略 (帮助);|issue=被忽略 (帮助) - ^ Spill, F.; Reynolds, D.S.; Kamm, R.D.; Zaman, M.H. Impact of the physical microenvironment on tumor progression and metastasis. Current Opinion in Biotechnology: 41–48. [2018-05-25]. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2016.02.007. （原始内容存档于2020-05-30）.
- ^ Korneev, KV; Atretkhany, KN; Drutskaya, MS; Grivennikov, SI; Kuprash, DV; Nedospasov, SA. TLR-signaling and proinflammatory cytokines as drivers of tumorigenesis.. Cytokine. January 2017, 89: 127–135. PMID 26854213. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.021.
- ^ Calvani, M; Bruno, G; Dal Monte, M. β3‐Adrenoceptor as a potential immuno‐suppressor agent in melanoma.. Br J Pharmacol. March 2019, 176: 2509–2524. doi:10.1111/bph.14660.
- ^ Vinay, D. S.; Ryan, E. P.; Pawelec, G; Talib, W. H.; Stagg, J.; Elkord, E.; Kwon, B. S. Immune evasion in cancer: Mechanistic basis and therapeutic strategies.. Seminars in Cancer Biology. December 2015,. 35(Suppl): S185–S198 [2020-12-21]. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.004. （原始内容存档于2020-11-12）.
- ^ Mareike; Möller, Sonja; Laskay, Tamás. An Attempt to Polarize Human Neutrophils Toward N1 and N2 Phenotypes in vitro.. Frontiers in Immunology. April 2020 [2020-12-21]. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00532. （原始内容存档于2020-09-03）.