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空降兵

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空降

军事跳伞或滑翔前运人员或物资的形式。

用途

提供人员，设备或耗材。

起源

起源于1927年11月意大利部队。

空降兵（英语：Airborne forces）属于军事单位，早期为轻装步兵，近年分演为“伞降兵”、“机降兵（英语：Glider infantry）”、“空中突击兵”3种。其部队运动通常采用运输机等航空器进行“空投”来战斗。因此，他们可以投入敌后，有能力在几乎任何地方进行部署。二战直到现在空降兵仍然具有高度风险，空降部队的编队辎重往往是有限的，只能经由他们的航空器进行运输，难以汇集足够持续的军力，因此主要的优势在于情报得利之“在几分钟内突然冒出的数量和大小”，否则一旦没配合好就会遭遇重大损失，欧美称为“垂直包围行动”（英语：vertical envelopment）。[1][2]

一般

空降兵运用概分为3类：

空降的基本前提是，他们可以快速抵达，不能快速部署一个连贯的防御。据推测，这种战术上的优势不能持续很长，所以伞兵必须善用敌人的资材，不断通过空中补给或等待地面部队以得到支援。[7]虽然空降兵在运输过程中通常手无寸铁，但是，他们的突然出现带给守卫部队一瞬间“惊奇”或“冲击”。[4]

空降兵一般（早期）都是由步兵、轻量、非装甲车辆（例如吉普车、悍马车等高机动车）和枪支及迫击炮组成。在第二次世界大战中，伞兵使用了轻型摩托车，如美军Cushman 公司（英语：Cushman (company)）53型速克达（G683）和英军威尔单兵摩托车。

韩战结束后，轻重量车辆能够通过降落伞空降开始研发，例如M-551谢里登轻型坦克。苏联开发BMD-1步兵战车和BMD-3步兵战车。直升机可以运输轻型装甲车，例如德国鼬鼠装甲车、美军LAV-25装甲车和英国的CVR (T)（英语：Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked)）等。以及，大型运输机可供运输少量主战坦克或较笨重的步兵战车。

许多空降重武器例如坦克，吉普车担心落地时摔坏，尤考验单位事前准备

战争史

相关影视剧作

参考文献

引用

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2023-10-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-04）. 
  2. ^ https://www.163.com/dy/article/IH3BH2BS054399GE.html
  3. ^ Reproduced in Blunt, Victor, The User of Air Power. Military Service Publishing Company; Harrisburg, 1943: pp.v-ix.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 徳永悦太郎「日本陸海軍空挺部隊かく戦えり」『丸』エキストラ版41集、潮書房、1975年、226頁以下
  5. ^ 存档副本. [2015-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-15）. ，2004-04-16
  6. ^ 第肆章中共特种作战部队组建与发展 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）pdf高甯松 著作 - 2004
  7. ^ 高橋慶史『続ラスト・オブ・カンプフグルッペ』大日本絵画、2005年、8～9頁
  8. ^ 瓦勒尔镇（Varel），中文译名参考自酒店 Varel. World of hotels. [2013-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-23）. 

来源

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  • 徳永悦太郎「日本陸海軍空挺部隊かく戦えり」『丸』エキストラ版41集、潮書房、1975年、226頁以下。
  • 高橋慶史『続ラスト・オブ・カンプフグルッペ』大日本絵画、2005年、8～9頁。
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  • Norton, G.G., The Red Devils – The Story Of The British Airborne Forces, Pan Books Ltd, 1973
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  • Whiting, Charles Slaughter Over Sicily, Leo Cooper, 1992

参见

检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=空降部隊&oldid=82347514”