看门狗新闻学
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看门狗新闻学(watchdog journalism)也称为监督新闻学,是指传播媒体告知大众有关社会以及政府组织的进展,特别是在社会大众中有关注特定议题,希望得到回应的情形。看门狗新闻学可能包括:
- 有关政府公职人员以及企业负责人发言的事实查核。
- 针对公众人物的专访,询问大众关注的议题。
- 独家报导,在一些大多数人无法参与的会议中搜集资讯,再观察社会大众的反应。
- 调查报导,针对单一事件,用较长时间搜集整理资讯所得的报导。
看门狗新闻学的概念类似护卫犬,护卫犬在陌生人接近时会吠叫提醒主人注意,看门狗新闻学则是在发现一些问题时提醒社会大众注意。常见的主题像是政府的决策流程、企业丑闻、不法或不道德的活动、消费者保护议题,以及环境恶化议题,
看门狗新闻学的报导可以出现在许多不同的新闻媒体,例如电台广播、电视、互联网及大众媒体(这称为是“报纸的独特优势”) [1],也可以出现在一些新媒体上,例如网志及民间记者。这类型的记者也称为是watchmen[2]、社会管控中介(agents of social control)或道德守护者 (moral guardians)[3]。
相关条目
脚注
参考资料
- Berger, Guy. Grave New World? Democratic Journalism Enters the Global Twenty-first Century. Journalism Studies. 2000, 1 (1): 81–99. doi:10.1080/146167000361186.
- Brunetti, Aymo; Weder, Beatrice. A free press is bad news for corruption. Journal of Public Economics. 2003, 87 (7–8): 1801–1824. doi:10.1016/S0047-2727(01)00186-4.
- Collins English Dictionary (2009): Watchdog, HarperCollins Publishers New York.
- Coronel, S. S. (2008): The Media as Watchdog (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Harvard.
- Gans, H. J. (1979). Deciding what's news: A study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time. New York: Pantheon Books.
- Hanitzsch, Thomas. Deconstructing Journalism Culture: Toward a Universal Theory. Communication Theory. 2007, 17 (4): 367–385. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00303.x.
- Hanitzsch, Thomas. Populist disseminators, detached watchdogs, critical change agents and opportunist facilitators. International Communication Gazette. 2011, 73 (6): 477–494. doi:10.1177/1748048511412279.
- Kohut, A. (2001): Public Support for the Watchdog Is Fading. Columbia Journalism Review, New York.
- Kull, Steven; Ramsay, Clay; Lewis, Evan. Misperceptions, the Media, and the Iraq War (PDF). Political Science Quarterly. 2003, 118 (4): 569–598 [2020-01-31]. doi:10.1002/j.1538-165X.2003.tb00406.x. hdl:2027/uc1.31822024771362. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-04-13).
- Marder, Murrey. This is Watchdog Journalism. Nieman Reports. Vol. 52 no. 2. 1998a [2020-01-31]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-24).
- Marder, Murrey. Arrogance Wins? American Journalism's Identity Crisis. Nieman Reports. Vol. 52 no. 3. 1998b [2020-01-31]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-18).
- Mojares, R. B.(2006): Biography: Eugenia Duran Apostol, Ramon Magsaysay Awards Foundation.
- Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard (2012): Investigative Journalism: Being a Watchdog, Getting Paid, Cambridge.
- Overholser, G. & Jamieson, K. H. (2005): The press, Oxford University Press 2005.
- Pasti, Svetlana. Two Generations of Contemporary Russian Journalists. European Journal of Communication. 2005, 20: 89–115. doi:10.1177/0267323105049634.
- Ward, B (2005): Watchdog Culture: Why You Need it, How You Can Build it. In Poynter.org St. Petersburg, FL.
- worldsofjournalism.org https://web.archive.org/web/20120110180236/http://www.worldsofjournalism.org/pilot.htm
- Yuezhi, Zhou. Watchdogs on Party Leashes? Contexts and implications of investigative journalism in post-Deng China. Journalism Studies. 2000, 1 (4): 577–597. doi:10.1080/146167000441312.
外部链接
- Nieman Watchdog: Questions the Press Should Ask (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – Official site (Nieman Foundation for Journalism at 哈佛大学).
- News Media Watchdog