猝倒病
猝倒病,俗称倒苗、霉根、小脚瘟,是一种会导致植物突然倒伏的疾病,引发此病的病原体有很多种。它是一些农业作物在苗期易发的疾病之一[1],最终可能会导致作物大面积死亡。[2]
患此病的植物幼苗会从茎部近地面处软倒,受害部位可能会出现暗色病斑[2],此时作物的叶子可能尚为绿色。而病因相似的情况下,如果植物已经发生木质化,病菌从其根部入侵,就如出现作物枯而不倒的症状,此时称立枯病。[3]
病原
导致猝倒病或立枯病的病原有很多,它们包括:
- 链格孢菌[2]
- 葡萄孢菌[2]
- 镰刀菌[1]
- 菜豆壳球孢菌
- 叶点霉菌[2]
- 疫病菌[4]
- 假单胞菌[2]
- 腐霉菌[2]
- 立枯丝核菌,是全球各地最常见的猝倒病和立枯病的病原之一[4]
- 白绢病菌[5][6]
- 根串珠霉[7][8]
预防
预防此病应保证天地平整,不会积水,使得土壤足够疏松透气。应当及时拔除患病植物、清理附近土壤[4]。此外也可施用碱式氯化铜及其他药剂对土壤进行消毒,以此来抑制病原体的生长。[3]
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Grabowski, M. Cold Wet Soils Help Root Rotting Fungi. University of Minnesota Extension. June 1, 2012 [June 3, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2012年4月1日).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Buczacki, S., and Harris, K., Pests, Diseases and Disorders of Garden Plants, Collins, 1998, pp. 481–2.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 苗木猝倒病、立枯病的发生与防治. 园林植保网. 2016-08-23 [2016-09-23]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-08).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Damping off. Royal Horticultural Society. [14 April 2015]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-28).
- ^ What Is Southern Blight: Tips For Controlling Southern Blight Disease. Gardening Know How. [2016-04-05]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-23) (美国英语).
- ^ Southern Blight | Texas Plant Disease Handbook. Texas Plant Disease Handbook. [2016-04-05]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-16).
- ^ Black Root Rot: Thielaviopsis basicola (PDF). Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic. Cornell University. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-07-22).
- ^ Elliott, Monica L. Thielaviopsis Trunk Rot of Palm. edis.ifas.ufl.edu. [2016-04-05]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-22).
- Tredway, Lane P.; et al. Damping Off (Pythium & Rhizoctonia spp.. North Carolina State University; TurfFiles Environmental Research and Education (center). March 7, 2011 [June 3, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2016-02-11).
- Kittrell, Audrey. Damping off increasing in corn. Successful Farming Magazine. June 14, 2011 [June 3, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-08).
- Adlam, John. Pest & Disease Factsheet - Damping off. Horticulture Week Magazine. January 27, 2012 [June 3, 2012].
外部链接
- Clothier, Tom. Damping-off disease (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).