水玉簪科
水玉簪科 | |
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科学分类 | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 单子叶植物 Monocots |
目: | 薯蓣目 Dioscoreales |
科: | 水玉簪科 Burmanniaceae Blume[1] |
属 | |
水玉簪科植物分布区
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异名 | |
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水玉簪科(学名:Burmanniaceae)是被子植物的一个科,包括有99个草本植物物种,分属八个不同的属[2];中国有1属9种。这些草本植物可能是一年生或多年生植物。 在传统的生物分类学上,本科是单子叶植物纲中的兰目中的一个科,但在较近期的《APG分类法》均将本科列为薯蓣目。
型态描述
本科物种一般都有出众的外表,通常是红色而不是绿色,没有太多的叶面积,并且不会以任何方式变得非常大。 所有成员均为菌异营物种,主要分布在南半球,并在阴凉和热带环境中生长。当中有不少物种为濒危物种。
分类
约翰·林德利于1830年首度描述水玉簪科,当时只包括水玉簪属这一个属[3]。1998年出版的《被子植物APG分类法》[4] 将本科列为薯蓣目之下五个科之一,而薯蓣目属于单子叶植物之下的一个演化支。2003年出版的《被子植物APG II分类法 (修订版)》[5]在Caddick及其同事 (2002)[6][7]透过广泛研究得出的结果,使用三种基因(rbcL、atpB及18S rDNA)的分析,加上形态学的限制条件,导致薯蓣目之下各科的重新编排。本科在APG II 的限界扩阔了,还包括过往在APG I属于肉质腐生科的物种。结果在这个分类,薯蓣目物种被重组成为三个科。这个分类办法在被子植物APG III分类法 (2009)[1]保留不变。
与此同时,部分进行中的研究仍然质疑这种三分关系[8][9][10][11],认为较早期的分类更能表现出薯蓣目各属间在演化过程的关系。根据这些研究结果,他们认为薯蓣目的组成如下:
- 严谨定义的水玉簪科:
- Apteria
- 水玉簪属 Burmannia
- 玉头簪属 Campylosiphon Benth., 1882
- Campylosiphon congestus (C.H.Wright) Maas
- Campylosiphon lycioideus St.-Lag.
- Campylosiphon purpurascens Benth.
- 贵州玉头簪 Campylosiphon saundersii X.J.Li, L.Qu & D.X.Zhang, 2023(贵州)
- Cymbocarpa
- Dictyostega
- 腐草属 Gymnosiphon
- 六翼玉簪属 Hexapterella Urb., 1903
- Marthella
- Miersiella
- 非洲水玉杯属 (Afrothismia)支序
- 非洲水玉杯属 Afrothismia
由于这些实证相互矛盾,2016年《被子植物APG IV分类法》 (2016)的作者[12]认为现时仍然未到重组薯蓣目物种的关系架构[13]。
演化史
According to molecular analyses, the myco-heterotrophic type of life that these species lead evolved six (or even more) times independently in the three clades that are part of Burmanniaceae. Afrothismia and tribe Thismieae represent two of these shifts to myco-heterotrophy from autotrophy while Burmanniaceae sensu stricto are the clade where the other four took place. The family appears in the 晚白垩世 but the further diversification and shifts to the typical habit occurred later in the same period and continued after the 白垩纪-古近纪界线 in 古近纪.[10]
参考文献
参考书目
- Caddick, Lizabeth R.; Rudall, Paula J.; Wilkin, Paul; Hedderson, Terry A. J.; Chase, Mark W., Phylogenetics of Dioscoreales based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data, 林奈学会植物学杂志, February 2002, 138 (2): 123–144, doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.138002123.x
- Caddick, Lizabeth R.; Wilkin, Paul; Rudall, Paula J.; Hedderson, Terry A. J.; Chase, Mark W., Yams Reclassified: A Recircumscription of Dioscoreaceae and Dioscoreales, Taxon (journal), February 2002, 51 (1): 103, doi:10.2307/1554967
- Christenhusz, Maarten JM & Byng, J. W. The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa (Magnolia Press). 2016, 261 (3): 201–217 [2018-12-08]. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. (原始内容存档于2016-07-29).
- Lindley, John. An introduction to the natural system of botany : or, A systematic view of the organisation, natural affinities, and geographical distribution, of the whole vegetable kingdom : together with the uses of the most important species in medicine, the arts, and rural or domestic economy. London: Longman. 1830 [2014-02-02]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-04).
- Hertweck, Kate L.; Kinney, Michael S.; Stuart, Stephanie A.; Maurin, Olivier; Mathews, Sarah; Chase, Mark W.; Gandolfo, Maria A.; Pires, J. Chris. Phylogenetics, divergence times and diversification from three genomic partitions in monocots. 林奈学会植物学杂志. July 2015, 178 (3): 375–393. doi:10.1111/boj.12260.
- Merckx, V.; Schols, P.; Kamer, H. M.-v. d.; Maas, P.; Huysmans, S.; Smets, E. Phylogeny and evolution of Burmanniaceae (Dioscoreales) based on nuclear and mitochondrial data. American Journal of Botany. 2006-11-01, 93 (11): 1684–1698. PMID 21642114. doi:10.3732/ajb.93.11.1684.
- Merckx, Vincent S. F. T.; Smets, Erik F., , the 101st Anniversary of a Botanical Mystery, International Journal of Plant Sciences, February 2014, 175 (2): 165–175, doi:10.1086/674315
- Merckx, Vincent; Bakker, Freek T.; Huysmans, Suzy; Smets, Erik. Bias and conflict in phylogenetic inference of myco-heterotrophic plants: a case study in Thismiaceae. Cladistics. February 2009, 25 (1): 64–77. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00241.x.
- Merckx, V; Huysmans, S; Smets, EF. Cretaceous origins of mycoheterotrophic lineages in Dioscoreales (PDF). : 39–53 [2016-06-15]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-02-01)., In Seberg et al (2010)
- Seberg, Ole; Petersen, Gitte; Barfod, Anders; Davis, Jerrold I. (编). Diversity, phylogeny, and evolution in the Monocotyledons: proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons and the Fifth International Symposium on Grass Systematics and Evolution. Århus: Aarhus University Press. 2010 [2018-12-08]. ISBN 978 87 7934 398 6. (原始内容存档于2015-05-10).
APG
- APG I. An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 1998, 85 (4): 531–553. JSTOR 2992015. doi:10.2307/2992015.
- APG II. An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. 林奈学会植物学杂志. 2003, 141 (4): 399–436. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
- APG III. An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. 林奈学会植物学杂志. 2009, 161 (2): 105–121 [2014-01-03]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. (原始内容存档于2017-05-25).
- APG IV. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. 林奈学会植物学杂志. 2016, 181 (1): 1–20 [2016-06-13]. doi:10.1111/boj.12385. (原始内容存档于2018-03-05).
外部链接
- 维基物种上的相关信息:水玉簪科
- Burmanniaceae, Thismiaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 9 March 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/
- Monocot families (USDA) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Burmanniaceae in the Flora of North America (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Burmanniaceae.org, a site dedicated to the research on this family (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- the specialists at work
- NCBI Taxonomy Browser (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- links (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) and more links (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at CSDL, Texas