推覆体

推覆体（英语：nappe）是指在低角度逆冲断层上方经远距离位移的基本连续的大的平板状岩席组成的外来系统，一般从其原始位置向断层上方移动2公里以上^[1]^[2]^[3]。

推覆体形成于挤压构造环境中，如大陆碰撞带或活动俯冲带的上覆板块。通常推覆体在低角度断层面被推动覆，产生的相连构造包括平卧褶皱、沿断层面的剪切构造^[4]以及叠瓦状逆冲叠层、构造窗（英语：tectonic window）和飞来峰（英语：klippes）等。

推覆体通常被认为是挤压构造运动造成，但也可由沿低角度断层的重力滑坡造成^[5]。一般推覆体是在地表被推挤，在地表低压和低温下，岩石不具所需要的塑性能沿低角度断层滑动。若岩层中有页岩或蒸发岩。就可以充当构造润滑剂^[6]。推覆体可沿润滑剂移动。但通常降低断层面摩擦阻力是由流体超压，它能降低岩体的静压力，并能造成构造角砾岩或断层泥，作为滑动面。^[7].

推覆体的形成方式可分为冲断推覆体和褶皱推覆体：冲断推覆体由外来的构造岩席沿（逆）冲断层面大规模位移而形成；褶皱推覆体的外来构造岩席呈大规模的平卧褶皱^[8].。

参考文献

^ Howell, J.V. (Editor) 1960: Glossary of geology and related sciences. American Geological Institute, Washington D.C., 325 p
^ Marko, F., Jacko, S., 1999: Structural geology (General and systematic). Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine ISBN 80-88896-36-3 Vydavateľstvo Harlequin, Košice, p. 81 - 93 (in Slovak)
^ Dennis, J. G., 1967, International tectonic dictionary. AAPG, Tulsa, p. 112
^ Twiss, Robert J. and Eldridge M. >Moores, Structural Geology, W. H. Freeman, 1992, p. 36 ISBN 978-0716722526
^ Graham, R.H. (1979) "Gravity sliding in the Maritime Alps" pp. 335–352 In McClay, K. R. and Price, N.J. (editors) (1981) Thrust and Nappe Tectonics (Geological Society of London Special Publication 9) Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, England, ISBN 978-0-632-00614-4
^ Davis, D.M., Engelder, T., 1985: The role of salt in fold-and-thrust belts. Tectonophysics, 119, p. 67-88
^ Price, N.J., McClay, K.R., 1981: Introduction. p. 1-5 in Price, N.J., McClay, K.R. (Eds.), Thrust and Nappe Tectonics.Geological Society, Special Publications vol. 9, London, 528 p
^ Park, R. G. (2004) [1997]. Foundations of Structural Geology(reprint of 1997 edition of Chapman & Hall) (third ed.). Abingdon, England: Taylor and Francis. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-0-7487-5802-9

[”Howell”-1] Howell, J.V. (Editor) 1960: Glossary of geology and related sciences. American Geological Institute, Washington D.C., 325 p

[”Marko”-2] Marko, F., Jacko, S., 1999: Structural geology (General and systematic). Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine ISBN 80-88896-36-3 Vydavateľstvo Harlequin, Košice, p. 81 - 93 (in Slovak)

[”Dennis”-3] Dennis, J. G., 1967, International tectonic dictionary. AAPG, Tulsa, p. 112

[”Twiss”-4] Twiss, Robert J. and Eldridge M. >Moores, Structural Geology, W. H. Freeman, 1992, p. 36 ISBN 978-0716722526

[”Graham”-5] Graham, R.H. (1979) "Gravity sliding in the Maritime Alps" pp. 335–352 In McClay, K. R. and Price, N.J. (editors) (1981) Thrust and Nappe Tectonics (Geological Society of London Special Publication 9) Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, England, ISBN 978-0-632-00614-4

[”Davis”-6] Davis, D.M., Engelder, T., 1985: The role of salt in fold-and-thrust belts. Tectonophysics, 119, p. 67-88

[”Price”-7] Price, N.J., McClay, K.R., 1981: Introduction. p. 1-5 in Price, N.J., McClay, K.R. (Eds.), Thrust and Nappe Tectonics.Geological Society, Special Publications vol. 9, London, 528 p

[”Park”-8] Park, R. G. (2004) [1997]. Foundations of Structural Geology(reprint of 1997 edition of Chapman & Hall) (third ed.). Abingdon, England: Taylor and Francis. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-0-7487-5802-9

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]