战马

澳大利亚士兵骑乘的战马

  关于2011年的美国电影，请见“战马 (电影)”。

战马是人类用于战斗的马。人类使用马匹战斗已有超过5000年的历史。骑马作战的最早证据可追溯至公元前4000年至前3000年的欧亚大陆。到了前1600年，经改进的马具及两轮无篷马车设计使得两轮无篷马车在古代近东地区常用于战事中。关于战马训练指南的最早文献可追溯至一份在约前1350年写成的训练两轮无篷马车马匹的指南。当骑兵取代战车后，新的训练方法也出现。

在中国战争历史当中，不少知名战马出现在史书上，而中国从春秋战国以来非常仰赖外地输入马匹。拿宋代来说战马仅能依靠进口，出自北部辽国境内牧场。宋真宗时期数量最多，不过二十万匹。马属稀缺物，普通官宦人家、士大夫出行靠牛车、骑毛驴、乘轿子。

在21世纪仍有人使用马匹战斗，例如在达尔富尔冲突中袭击平民的金戈威德武装分子。印度陆军现在仍有一个骑兵团。

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延伸阅读

• Hacker, Barton C. Military Technology and World History: A Reconnaissance (fee required). The History Teacher. August 1997, 30 (4): 461–487. JSTOR 494141. doi:10.2307/494141. 

外部连接

• The Institute for Ancient Equestrian Studies (IAES)
• The Society of the Military Horse
• Historic films showing horses in World War I at europeanfilmgateway.eu （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）