图邦病毒

图邦病毒
病毒分类
（未分级）：	病毒 Virus
域：	多变 DNA 病毒域 Varidnaviria
界：	班福病毒界 Bamfordvirae
门：	核质病毒门 Nucleocytoviricota
纲：	巨病毒纲 Megaviricetes
目：	模拟病毒目 Imitervirales
科：	拟菌病毒科 (?) Mimiviridae
属：	图邦病毒属 Tupanvirus

图邦病毒（学名：Tupanvirus）是拟菌病毒科的一个属，包括两种巨病毒（英语：giant virus）：深海图邦病毒（Tupanvirus deep ocean）和盐湖图邦病毒（Tupanvirus soda lake），皆以变形虫为天然宿主，其名称图邦（Tupan）一词来源于瓜拉尼语的Tupã（瓜拉尼神话中的创世主神、雷神）。图邦病毒是已知唯一一类具有20种氨基酸之氨酰-tRNA合成酶基因的病毒。^[1]^[2]^[3]

特色

图邦病毒的病毒体可达1.2微米长，其衣壳与拟菌病毒的大小和结构类似（约450纳米），此外图邦病毒体还具有一个长550纳米、直径450纳米的柱状尾部，与衣壳底部相连。由于尾部大小的差别，有的图邦病毒可达2.3微米。图邦病毒的基因组为长约1.5Mb的双链DNA，用于编码1276－1425种蛋白质，其基因组包含许多参与细胞生物反应的编码基因^[1]。

图邦病毒是已知病毒中，基因组里具有最完整的转译元件者，包括多达70种tRNA、20种氨酰-tRNA合成酶、11种转译所需的蛋白质、以及多种可修饰tRNA、mRNA与核糖体蛋白的酵素，还具有与18s核糖体RNA（英语：18S ribosomal RNA）高度相似的序列^[4]。

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Garisto, Dan. These giant viruses have more protein-making gear than any known virus. 2018-02-27 [2020-02-10]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-01）.
^ Abrahão, Jônatas; Silva, Lorena; Silva, Ludmila Santos; Khalil, Jacques Yaacoub Bou; Rodrigues, Rodrigo; Arantes, Thalita; Assis, Felipe; Boratto, Paulo; Andrade, Miguel; Kroon, Erna Geessien; Ribeiro, Bergmann; Bergier, Ivan; Seligmann, Herve; Ghigo, Eric; Colson, Philippe; Levasseur, Anthony; Kroemer, Guido; Raoult, Didier; Scola, Bernard La. Tailed giant Tupanvirus possesses the most complete translational apparatus of the known virosphere. Nature Communications. 2018-02-27, 9 (1): 749. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..749A. PMC 5829246 . PMID 29487281. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03168-1.
^ Schulz, Frederik; Yutin, Natalya; Ivanova, Natalia N.; Ortega, Davi R.; Lee, Tae Kwon; Vierheilig, Julia; Daims, Holger; Horn, Matthias; Wagner, Michael; Jensen, Grant J.; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Koonin, Eugene V.; Woyke, Tanja. Giant viruses with an expanded complement of translation system components (PDF). Science. 2017-04-07, 356 (6333): 82–85 [2020-02-10]. Bibcode:2017Sci...356...82S. PMID 28386012. doi:10.1126/science.aal4657. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-24）.
^ Abrahão, Jônatas; Silva, Lorena; Silva, Ludmila Santos; Khalil, Jacques Yaacoub Bou; Rodrigues, Rodrigo; Arantes, Thalita; Assis, Felipe; Boratto, Paulo; Andrade, Miguel. Tailed giant Tupanvirus possesses the most complete translational apparatus of the known virosphere. Nature Communications. 2018-02-27, 9 (1): 1–12 [2020-02-10]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03168-1. （原始内容存档于2019-11-03）（英语）.

[Sci_mag-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Garisto, Dan. These giant viruses have more protein-making gear than any known virus. 2018-02-27 [2020-02-10]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-01）.

[2] Abrahão, Jônatas; Silva, Lorena; Silva, Ludmila Santos; Khalil, Jacques Yaacoub Bou; Rodrigues, Rodrigo; Arantes, Thalita; Assis, Felipe; Boratto, Paulo; Andrade, Miguel; Kroon, Erna Geessien; Ribeiro, Bergmann; Bergier, Ivan; Seligmann, Herve; Ghigo, Eric; Colson, Philippe; Levasseur, Anthony; Kroemer, Guido; Raoult, Didier; Scola, Bernard La. Tailed giant Tupanvirus possesses the most complete translational apparatus of the known virosphere. Nature Communications. 2018-02-27, 9 (1): 749. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..749A. PMC 5829246 . PMID 29487281. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03168-1.

[3] Schulz, Frederik; Yutin, Natalya; Ivanova, Natalia N.; Ortega, Davi R.; Lee, Tae Kwon; Vierheilig, Julia; Daims, Holger; Horn, Matthias; Wagner, Michael; Jensen, Grant J.; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Koonin, Eugene V.; Woyke, Tanja. Giant viruses with an expanded complement of translation system components (PDF). Science. 2017-04-07, 356 (6333): 82–85 [2020-02-10]. Bibcode:2017Sci...356...82S. PMID 28386012. doi:10.1126/science.aal4657. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-24）.

[4] Abrahão, Jônatas; Silva, Lorena; Silva, Ludmila Santos; Khalil, Jacques Yaacoub Bou; Rodrigues, Rodrigo; Arantes, Thalita; Assis, Felipe; Boratto, Paulo; Andrade, Miguel. Tailed giant Tupanvirus possesses the most complete translational apparatus of the known virosphere. Nature Communications. 2018-02-27, 9 (1): 1–12 [2020-02-10]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03168-1. （原始内容存档于2019-11-03）（英语）.

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