長腳蛛科
肖蛸科 化石時期:
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長腳突腹蛛 | |
一隻雌性的山地肖峭 | |
科學分類 | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
綱: | 蛛形綱 Arachnida |
目: | 蜘蛛目 Araneae |
亞目: | 背突蛛亞目 Opisthothelae |
下目: | 新蛛亞目 Araneomorphae |
演化支: | 複雜生殖器類 Entelegynae |
演化支: | 圓網蛛類 Orbiculariae |
總科: | 金蛛總科 Araneoidea |
科: | 肖蛸科 Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866 |
屬 | |
多樣性 | |
48個屬、1162個個物種 | |
長腳蛛科(學名:Tetragnathidae),又名肖蛸科或肖峭科[1],是蜘蛛目新蛛下目一個蜘蛛的科,由安東·門格於1866年描述[2]。
形態描述
本科物種有一具拉長了的身體、腿及螯肢,所結的蜘蛛網都是空心圓網,其網經長呈水平或稍微傾斜。部分物種通常可在近水的長長植被裏發現[3]。蜘蛛體長雌性約9~13毫米,雄性約7~8毫米。與多半蜘蛛相同,屬於本科物種皆有八單眼,其位置如下:
系統學
根據《中國動物志》,本科包括六個亞科、20個屬[1],但有部分分類現時已獨立出去,但仍歸到金蛛總科之下。 截至2019年4月[update],World Spider Catalog接納以下有現生種的屬[4]:
- Alcimosphenus Simon, 1895 — Caribbean
- Allende Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile, Argentina
- Antillognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
- Atelidea Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
- Azilia Keyserling, 1881 — United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
- Chrysometa Simon, 1894 — South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
- Cyrtognatha Keyserling, 1881 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
- Dianleucauge Song & Zhu, 1994 — China
- Diphya Nicolet, 1849 — Asia, South America, Africa
- Dolichognatha O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
- Doryonychus Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
- 鋸螯蛛屬 鋸螯蛛屬 Simon, 1893:見於印尼、巴西及薩摩亞。
- Eryciniolia Strand, 1912 — New Zealand
- Glenognatha Simon, 1887 — Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
- Guizygiella Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — Asia
- Hispanognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
- 銀腹蛛屬 Homalometa Simon, 1898 — Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
- Leucauge White, 1841:又名銀鱗蛛屬[1]:v ,見於非洲、北美洲、亞洲、大洋洲、南美洲、中美洲及加勒比海。
- Mecynometa Simon, 1894 — Africa, Guatemala, Brazil
- Mesida Kulczyński, 1911 — Oceania, Asia, Africa
- 後蛛屬 Meta C. L. Koch, 1836 — Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
- Metabus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
- Metellina Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 — Africa, Asia, Canada
- Metleucauge Levi, 1980 — Asia, United States
- Mitoscelis Thorell, 1890 — Indonesia
- Mollemeta Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile
- Nanningia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997
- Nanometa Simon, 1908 — Australia
- Nediphya Marusik & Omelko, 2017 — Papua New Guinea
- Neoprolochus Reimoser, 1927 — Indonesia
- Okileucauge Tanikawa, 2001 — China, Japan
- Opadometa Archer, 1951 — Asia, Papua New Guinea
- Opas O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — South America, Mexico, Panama
- Orsinome Thorell, 1890 — Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
- Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 — Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
- Parameta Simon, 1895 — Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
- Parazilia Lessert, 1938 — Congo
- Pholcipes Schmidt & Krause, 1993 — Comoros
- Pickardinella Archer, 1951 — Mexico
- Pinkfloydia Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2011 — Australia
- Sancus Tullgren, 1910 — Kenya, Tanzania
- Schenkeliella Strand, 1934 — Sri Lanka
- 長腳蜘蛛屬 Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804:又名肖蛸屬[1]:v— Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
- Timonoe Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
- 隆背蛛屬 Tylorida Simon, 1894 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
- Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — China
- Zhinu Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 — Taiwan, Korea, Japan
- Zygiometella Wunderlich, 1995 — Israel
化石種
下列各屬只有化石種,沒有現生種[5]:
- †Anameta Wunderlich, 2004 (古近紀, Bitterfield and Baltic amber)
- †Balticgnatha Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Corneometa Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Eometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Huergnina Selden & Penney, 2003 (白堊紀, Las Hoyas, Spain)
- †Macryphantes Selden, 1990 (Cretaceous)
- †Palaeometa Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
- †Palaeopachygnatha Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
- †Priscometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Samlandicmeta Wunderlich, 2012 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
過往屬於本科的屬
- Deliochus Simon, 1894 – now in 圓蛛科
- Menosira Chikuni, 1955 – now a synonym of Metellina
- Phonognatha Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
- Prolochus Thorell, 1895 – see Dolichognatha
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 朱明生; 宋大祥; 張俊霞 (編). 《中国动物志》 (PDF). 無脊椎動物 第35卷 蛛形綱 蜘蛛目 肖蛸科. 科學出版社. 2003-10: 536 pp. [2020-12-24]. ISBN 9787030213259 (中文(簡體)).
- ^ Menge, Anton. Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig (N.F.). 1866, 1.
- ^ Kindall; et al. Arachnidae: An Encyclopedia. San Diego, CA: Random House. 2005: 567.
- ^ Family: Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866. World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. [2019-04-25]. (原始內容存檔於2021-05-04).
- ^ Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2018. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), version 19.0, accessed on 7 October 2018.
- Chickering, A.M. (1963). The Male of Mecynometa globosa (O. P.-Cambridge) (Araneae, Argiopidae). Psyche 70:180–183. PDF
外部連結
- 維基物種上的相關資訊:長腳蛛科
- Tree of Life Tetragnathidae (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Tatragnatha sp. (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) Large format diagnostic photographs and information
- Reference Photos: Tetragnatha laboriosa (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Venusta Orchard Spider - Family Tetragnathidae (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Pictures of Tetragnatha sp. (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) (free for noncommercial use)