長腳家蟻屬

長腳家蟻屬; 化石時期：Lutetian - Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	A. swammerdami 的工蟻
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱：	昆蟲綱 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蟻科 Formicidae
亞科：	家蟻亞科 Myrmicinae
族：	大頭家蟻族 Pheidolini
屬：	長腳家蟻屬 Aphaenogaster; Mayr, 1853
模式種
	Aphaenogaster sardoa; Mayr, 1853
多樣性
	200 species
異名
	Deromyrma Forel, 1913; Nystalomyrma Wheeler, 1916;

長腳家蟻屬 (Aphaenogaster ) 為家蟻亞科。共 205 個現生物種，19 個化石物種^[2]。除了哥倫比亞南部、撒哈拉以南非洲和南極洲以外世界廣布^[3]。

有些物種會和大頭家蟻屬和寡家蟻屬搞混。但大頭家蟻和寡家蟻有兵蟻，而長腳家蟻沒有^[4]。大頭家蟻的觸角有三節鞭垂節，長腳家蟻有四節，且體型較大^[4]。寡家蟻觸角 11 節，長腳家蟻 12 節^[4]。

澳洲的物種會築很顯眼的巢^[5]。出入口呈漏斗形，直徑可達 4 公分，因此得名漏斗蟻 (funnel ants)。蟻巢會對高爾夫球場、牧場、機場造成危害，因為被築巢的區域結構脆弱，容易崩塌^[4]。但長腳家蟻築巢的習性對生態系很重要，可以對土壤進行生物擾動，促進土壤中的養分流動^[5]。

長腳家蟻的主食可能是植物根部的蚜蟲分泌的蜜露，這可以解釋為什麼很少在地表上見到工蟻，漏斗形的蟻巢出入口可能可以用作補食節肢動物的陷阱^[4]。

下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

Aphaenogaster aciculata F.Sm.
Aphaenogaster acuta
Aphaenogaster aktaci Kiran & Tezcan, 2008
Aphaenogaster albisetosa Mayr, 1886
Aphaenogaster amphioceanica de Andrade, 1995
Aphaenogaster annandalei Mukerjee, 1930
Aphaenogaster antiqua Dlussky, 2002
Aphaenogaster arachnoides
Aphaenogaster araneoides Emery, 1890
Aphaenogaster ashmeadi Emery, 1895
Aphaenogaster atlantis Santschi, 1929
Aphaenogaster avita Fujiyama, 1970
Aphaenogaster azteca J.Enzmann, 1947
Aphaenogaster balcanica (Emery, 1898)
Aphaenogaster baogong Terayama, 2009
Aphaenogaster barbara L.
Aphaenogaster barbigula Wheeler, 1916
Aphaenogaster baronii Cagniant, 1988
Aphaenogaster beccarii Emery, 1887
Aphaenogaster beesoni Donisthorpe, 1933
Aphaenogaster belti Forel, 1895
Aphaenogaster bidentatus
Aphaenogaster boulderensis Smith, 1941
Aphaenogaster burri (Donisthorpe, 1950)
Aphaenogaster caeciliae Viehmeyer, 1922
Aphaenogaster campana Emery, 1878
Aphaenogaster capensis Mayr
Aphaenogaster cardenai Espadaler, 1981
Aphaenogaster carolinensis
Aphaenogaster cavernicola Donisthorpe, 1938
Aphaenogaster cecconii Emery, 1894
Aphaenogaster charesi Salata & Borowiec, 2016
Aphaenogaster clavata
Aphaenogaster cockerelli Andre, 1893
Aphaenogaster cristata (Forel, 1902)
Aphaenogaster crocea Andre, 1881
Aphaenogaster curiosa Santschi, 1933
Aphaenogaster dejeani Cagniant, 1982
Aphaenogaster depilis Santschi, 1911
Aphaenogaster depressa Bolton, 1995
Aphaenogaster dlusskyana Radchenko & Perkovsky, 2016
Aphaenogaster dlusskyi Radchenko & Arakelian, 1991
Aphaenogaster donisthorpei Carpenter, 1930
Aphaenogaster dromedaria (Emery, 1900)
Aphaenogaster dulcineae Emery, 1924
Aphaenogaster dulciniae Emery, 1924
Aphaenogaster ensifera Forel, 1899
Aphaenogaster enspelensis Jessen, 2020
Aphaenogaster epirotes (Emery, 1915)
Aphaenogaster equestris Borowiec & Salata, 2014
Aphaenogaster espadaleri Cagniant, 1984
Aphaenogaster exasperata Wheeler, 1921
Aphaenogaster fabulosa Arnol'di, 1968
Aphaenogaster fallax Cagniant, 1992
Aphaenogaster famelica (Smith, 1874)
Aphaenogaster faureli Cagniant, 1969
Aphaenogaster feae Emery, 1889
Aphaenogaster fengbo Terayama, 2009
Aphaenogaster festae Emery, 1915
Aphaenogaster finzii Mueller, 1921
Aphaenogaster fiorii Emery, 1915
Aphaenogaster flemingi Smith, 1928
Aphaenogaster floridana Smith, 1941
Aphaenogaster friederichsi Forel, 1918
Aphaenogaster fulva Roger, 1863
Aphaenogaster gamagumayaa Naka & Maruyama, 2018^[6]
Aphaenogaster geei Wheeler, 1921
Aphaenogaster gemella (Roger, 1862)
Aphaenogaster georgica Arnol'di, 1968
Aphaenogaster gibbosa (Latreille, 1798)
Aphaenogaster gigantea Collingwood, 1962
Aphaenogaster gonacantha (Emery, 1899)
Aphaenogaster graeca Schulz, 1994
Aphaenogaster haarlovi Collingwood, 1961
Aphaenogaster hesperia Santschi, 1911
Aphaenogaster holtzi (Emery, 1898)
Aphaenogaster honduriana Mann, 1922
Aphaenogaster huachucana Creighton, 1934
湖南長腳家蟻 Aphaenogaster hunanensis Wu & Wang, 1992
Aphaenogaster iberica Emery, 1908
Aphaenogaster ichnusa Santschi, 1925
Aphaenogaster illyrica Bračko, Lapeva-Gjonova, Salata, Borowiec & Polak, 2019
Aphaenogaster inermita Bolton, 1995
Aphaenogaster ionia Santschi, 1933
Aphaenogaster isekram Bernard, 1977
Aphaenogaster italica Bondroit, 1918
Aphaenogaster januschevi Arnol'di, 1976
Aphaenogaster japonica
Aphaenogaster jolantae Borowiec & Salata, 2014
Aphaenogaster kervillei Forel, 1910
Aphaenogaster kimberleyensis
Aphaenogaster kurdica Ruzsky, 1905
Aphaenogaster laevior Emery, 1887
Aphaenogaster lamellidens Mayr, 1886
Aphaenogaster lateralis
Aphaenogaster ledouxi Tohme, 1969
Aphaenogaster lepida Wheeler, 1930
Aphaenogaster lesbica Forel, 1913
Aphaenogaster livida (Heer, 1850)
Aphaenogaster longaeva (Scudder, 1877)
Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith, 1858)
Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) longipes Sm.
Aphaenogaster loriai (Emery, 1897)
Aphaenogaster lustrans Smith, 1961
Aphaenogaster lykiaensis Borowiec & Salata, 2014
Aphaenogaster maculata Theobald, 1937
Aphaenogaster maculifrons Kiran & Aktac, 2008
Aphaenogaster maculipes Theobald, 1937
Aphaenogaster mariae Forel, 1886
Aphaenogaster mayri Carpenter, 1930
Aphaenogaster mediterrae
Aphaenogaster megommata Smith, 1963
Aphaenogaster mersa Wheeler, 1915
Aphaenogaster messoroides Dlussky, 1990
Aphaenogaster mexicana (Pergande, 1896)
Aphaenogaster miamiana Wheeler, 1932
Aphaenogaster miniata Cagniant, 1990
Aphaenogaster muelleriana Wolf, 1915
Aphaenogaster mutica Pergande, 1896
Aphaenogaster nadigi Santschi, 1923
Aphaenogaster nana Wheeler, 1932
Aphaenogaster obsidiana Mayr, 1861
西方長腳家蟻 Aphaenogaster occidentalis (Emery, 1895)
Aphaenogaster oligocenica Wheeler, 1915
Aphaenogaster olympica Borowiec & Salata, 2014
Aphaenogaster osimensis Teranishi, 1940
Aphaenogaster ovaticeps (Emery, 1898)
Aphaenogaster pallescens Walker, 1871
Aphaenogaster pallida (Nylander, 1849)
Aphaenogaster pannonica Bachmayer, 1960
Aphaenogaster patruelis Forel, 1886
Aphaenogaster perplexa Smith, 1961
Aphaenogaster phalangium Emery, 1890
Aphaenogaster phillipsi Wheeler & Mann, 1916
Aphaenogaster picea (Wheeler, 1908)
Aphaenogaster picena Baroni Urbani, 1971
Aphaenogaster poultoni Crawley, 1922
Aphaenogaster praedo Emery, 1908
Aphaenogaster praenoda Santschi, 1933
Aphaenogaster praerelicta de Andrade, 1995
Aphaenogaster projectens Donisthorpe, 1947
Aphaenogaster punctaticeps MacKay, 1989
Aphaenogaster pusilla Enzmann, 1947
Aphaenogaster pythia Forel, 1915
Aphaenogaster quadrispina Emery, 1911
Aphaenogaster reichelae
Aphaenogaster relicta Wheeler & Mann, 1914
Aphaenogaster rhaphidiiceps (Mayr, 1877)
Aphaenogaster rifensis Cagniant, 1994
Aphaenogaster rothneyi Forel, 1902
Aphaenogaster rudis
Aphaenogaster ruida Wheeler, 1928
Aphaenogaster rupestris Forel, 1909
Aphaenogaster sagei (Forel, 1902)
Aphaenogaster saharensis Bernard, 1953
Aphaenogaster sangiorgii (Emery, 1901)
Aphaenogaster sardoa Mayr, 1853
Aphaenogaster schmidti Karavaiev, 1912
Aphaenogaster schmitzi
Aphaenogaster schurri (Forel, 1902)
Aphaenogaster semipolita (Nylander, 1856)
Aphaenogaster senilis Mayr, 1853^[7]
Aphaenogaster sicardi Cagniant, 1990
Aphaenogaster sicula Emery, 1908
Aphaenogaster simonellii Emery, 1894
中華長腳家蟻 Aphaenogaster sinensis Wheeler, 1928
Aphaenogaster smythiesii (Forel, 1902)
Aphaenogaster sommerfeldti Mayr, 1868
Aphaenogaster spinosa Emery, 1878
Aphaenogaster splendida (Roger, 1859)
Aphaenogaster striativentris Forel, 1895
Aphaenogaster striola Roger
Aphaenogaster strioloides Forel, 1890
Aphaenogaster subcostata Viehmeyer, 1922
Aphaenogaster subterranea (Latreille, 1798)
Aphaenogaster subterraneo-splendida Em.e For.
Aphaenogaster subterraneoides Emery, 1881
Aphaenogaster swammerdami Forel, 1886
Aphaenogaster syria
Aphaenogaster syriaca Emery, 1908
Aphaenogaster takahashii Wheeler, 1930
Aphaenogaster tennesseensis (Mayr, 1862)
Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa (Lucas, 1849)
Aphaenogaster texana Wheeler, 1915
Aphaenogaster theryi Santschi, 1923
Aphaenogaster tibetana Donisthorpe, 1929
Aphaenogaster tinauti Cagniant, 1992
Aphaenogaster tipuna Forel, 1913
Aphaenogaster torossiani Cagniant, 1988
Aphaenogaster treatae Forel, 1886
Aphaenogaster trinacriae Alicata & Schifani, 2019
Aphaenogaster turkestanica Arnol'di, 1976
Aphaenogaster uinta Wheeler, 1917
Aphaenogaster ujhelyii Szabo, 1910
Aphaenogaster ulibeli Gómez & Espadaler, 2018
Aphaenogaster umphreyi
Aphaenogaster vapida Wheeler, 1928
Aphaenogaster verecunda Wheeler, 1928
Aphaenogaster wangtian Terayama, 2009
Aphaenogaster wangye Terayama, 2009
Aphaenogaster weigoldi Viehmeyer, 1922
Aphaenogaster weulersseae Cagniant, 1989
Aphaenogaster wilsoni Cagniant, 1988
Aphaenogaster xuantian Terayama, 2009

參考資料

^ Bolton, B. Aphaenogaster. AntCat. 2014 [23 July 2014].
^ Barry Bolton. AntCat. [2020-06-13]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-08）.
^ Radchenko, A. G.; Perkovsky, E. E. The ant Aphaenogaster dlusskyana sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Sakhalin amber—the earliest described species of an extant genus of Myrmicinae. Paleontological Journal. 2016, 50 (9): 936–946. doi:10.1134/S0031030116090136.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Genus Aphaenogaster 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期October 9, 2009，.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Richards, P.J. (2009) Aphaenogaster ants as bioturbators: impacts on soil and slope processes. Earth-Science Reviews 96: 92-106.
^ Takeru Naka and Munetoshi Maruyama. 2018. Aphaenogaster gamagumayaa sp. nov.: The First Troglobiotic Ant from Japan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Zootaxa. 4450(1); 135–141. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.1.10
^ J. Manuel Vidal-Cordero, Jesús Nogueras and Elena Tena. 2023. Bat Droppings Collection by Ants in Epigean Environments. Ecological Entomology. DOI: 10.1111/een.13305

外部連結

維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：Aphaenogaster

[AntCat-1] Bolton, B. Aphaenogaster. AntCat. 2014 [23 July 2014].

[2] Barry Bolton. AntCat. [2020-06-13]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-08）.

[Radchenko2016-3] Radchenko, A. G.; Perkovsky, E. E. The ant Aphaenogaster dlusskyana sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Sakhalin amber—the earliest described species of an extant genus of Myrmicinae. Paleontological Journal. 2016, 50 (9): 936–946. doi:10.1134/S0031030116090136.

[adu-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Genus Aphaenogaster 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期October 9, 2009，.

[esr-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Richards, P.J. (2009) Aphaenogaster ants as bioturbators: impacts on soil and slope processes. Earth-Science Reviews 96: 92-106.

[6] Takeru Naka and Munetoshi Maruyama. 2018. Aphaenogaster gamagumayaa sp. nov.: The First Troglobiotic Ant from Japan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Zootaxa. 4450(1); 135–141. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.1.10

[7] J. Manuel Vidal-Cordero, Jesús Nogueras and Elena Tena. 2023. Bat Droppings Collection by Ants in Epigean Environments. Ecological Entomology. DOI: 10.1111/een.13305

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]