跳至內容

極端民族主義

維基百科，自由的百科全書

極端民族主義（英語：Ultranationalism）是一種意識形態，和傳統民族主義的概念完全不同，強調某個國家或民族在政治、經濟和社會領域的利益與統治地位。通常表現為對自己族群的優越感和極端支持，同時將其他國家，種族，宗教或文化社群視為敵對與次等，並加以歧視，排斥和仇恨，進而引發種族主義和迫害等問題。極端民族主義往往伴隨着侵略性和暴力傾向，可能採取戰爭或種族清洗等極端手段以實現政治目標，它與國家復興的概念共同構成了法西斯主義的關鍵基礎。[1]

加略斯·布加傑斯基（英語：Janusz Bugajski）認為，民族主義在最極端或發展到終極形態時，類似於法西斯主義，其特點是仇外蔑視，支持專制政治並靠近極權主義，強調魅力型領袖，一個組織上無定形的運動型政黨，以及國家之間的「有機統一」。 [2]

羅傑·格里芬（英語：Roger Griffin）指出，極端民族主義本質上是仇外的，並且會通過神化自己歷史上的偉大成就，或者強調對歷史宿敵的仇恨來實現自身的合法化。它有時還會利用庸俗的體質人類學、遺傳學和優生學來對種族優越感和種族前途做合理化解釋，並襯托其他種族的墮落和劣等的觀念。 [3]

極端民族主義政黨

二戰後被認為過是極端民族主義者的政黨：

參見

參考

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取自 "https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=极端民族主义&oldid=85020690"