城邦 (阿茲特克)
阿茲特克文明 |
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城邦(古典納瓦特爾語:āltepētl [aːɬ.ˈté.peːtɬ],意為「水嶺」)是前哥倫布時期與西班牙征服時期,阿茲特克文明的政治實體。通常,其劃分基於地區與族群。在英語中,āltepētl與city-state(其意也為城邦)等同。[1]
納瓦特爾語學者利薩·索薩、斯塔福德·普爾與詹姆斯·洛克哈特稱:
較之英語中的詞語「城邦(city-state)」,他們更認同納瓦特爾語中城邦的表述。很多關於瓜達盧佩聖母的文獻常用「āltepētl」表示墨西哥城(Ciudad de México),但這與其本意是不相稱的。
瑪雅文明中的「cah」和米斯特克文明的「ñuu」之概念與其相似。
例子
引注
參考文獻
- García Martínez, Bernardo. Community Kingdoms: Central Mexico (Nahua). David Carrasco (編). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures: The Civilizations of Mexico and Central America vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001: 238–239. ISBN 0-19-510815-9. OCLC 44019111.
- Gibson, Charles. The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule: A History of the Indians of the Valley of Mexico, 1519–1810. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 1983 [1964]. ISBN 0-8047-0912-2. OCLC 9359010.
- Lockhart, James. The Nahuas After the Conquest: A Social and Cultural History of the Indians of Central Mexico, Sixteenth Through Eighteenth Centuries. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 1996 [1992]. ISBN 0-8047-2317-6. OCLC 24283718.
- Noguez, Xavier. Altepetl. David Carrasco (編). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures: The Civilizations of Mexico and Central America vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001: 12–13. ISBN 0-19-510815-9. OCLC 44019111.
- Sousa, Lisa; Poole, Stafford; Lockhart, James (編). The Story of Guadalupe: Luis Laso de la Vega's Huei tlamahuiçoltica of 1649. UCLA Latin American studies, vol. 84; Nahuatl studies series, no. 5. Stanford & Los Angeles, CA: Stanford University Press, University of California, Los Angeles Latin American Center Publications. 1998. ISBN 0-8047-3482-8. OCLC 39455844.
- Smith, Michael. The Aztecs. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. 1997. ISBN 0-631-23015-7.