番紅花屬

番紅花屬
	Crocus sativus
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	單子葉植物 Monocots
目：	天門冬目 Asparagales
科：	鳶尾科 Iridaceae
亞科：	番紅花亞科 Crocoideae
屬：	番紅花屬 Crocus; L., 1753
模式種
	Crocus sativus; L.
異名
	Safran Medik.; Geanthus Raf.; Crociris Schur;

番紅花屬（又稱藏紅花）是鳶尾科的一個屬，是一類多年生球根植物。原產於歐洲愛琴海岸及小亞細亞至中亞。花葉細長而狀似松樹葉子。全世界共有約80種番紅花。

藏紅花精的來源為番紅花（C. sativus）的乾燥柱頭，可入藥。

下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：^[1]

Crocus abantensis T.Baytop & B.Mathew
Crocus abracteolus Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus adami J.Gay
Crocus adamioides Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus adanensis T.Baytop & B.Mathew
Crocus aerius Herb.
Crocus akdagensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus akkayaensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus alatavicus Regel & Semen.
Crocus albocoronatus (Kernd.) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
Crocus aleppicus Baker
Crocus alexandri Nicic ex Velen.
Crocus almehensis C.D.Brickell & B.Mathew
黃金堆番紅花 Crocus ancyrensis (Herb.) Maw
Crocus angustifolius Weston
Crocus angustifolius x flavus
Crocus annulatus Herb., 1841
Crocus antalyensioides Ruksans
Crocus antalyensis B.Mathew
Crocus antherotes Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus archibaldiorum (Rukšāns) Rukšāns, 2014
Crocus arizelus Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus armeniensis Ruksans
Crocus artvinensis (J.Philippow) Grossh.
Crocus asumaniae B.Mathew & T.Baytop
Crocus asymmetricus Erol, 2020
Crocus athous Bornm.
Crocus atrospermus (Kernd. & Pasche) Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus atticus (Boiss. & Orph.) Orph.
Crocus autranii Albov
Crocus autumnalis Ker Gawl., 1827
Crocus autumnalis Mill.
Crocus autumnalis Vis. ex Steud., 1840
Crocus babadagensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus balansae J.Gay ex Maw
羅馬尼亞番紅花 Crocus banaticus J.Gay
藍綠番紅花 Crocus baytopiorum B.Mathew
Crocus berytius Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus beydaglarensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus bifloriformis Kernd. & Pasche
雙花番紅花 Crocus biflorus Mill.
Crocus biflorus x Crocus chrysanthus
Crocus boissieri Maw
Crocus bolensis (Rukšāns) Rukšāns, 2014
希臘番紅花 Crocus boryi J.Gay
Crocus boulosii Greuter
Crocus bowlesianus Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus brachyfilus I.Schneid.
Crocus brickellii Rukšāns, 2014
Crocus bulbocodium Pall., 1808
Crocus caelestis (Kernd. & Pasche) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
Crocus calanthus Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus cambessedesii J.Gay
Crocus cambessedianus Herb., 1845
Crocus cancellatus Herb.
Crocus candidus E.D.Clarke
Crocus cappadocicus (B.Mathew) Ruksans
Crocus caricus (Kernd. & Pasche) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
Crocus carpetanus Boiss. & Reut.
卡萊番紅花 Crocus cartwrightianus Herb.
Crocus caspius Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
Crocus caspius Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Hohen.
黃金番紅花 Crocus chrysanthus (Herb.) Herb.
Crocus clusii J.Gay
Crocus coloreus Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus concinnus Kernd. & Pasche
科西加番紅花 Crocus corsicus Vanucchi ex Maw, 1878
Crocus crestensis Nyman, 1882
Crocus crewei Hook.f.
Crocus cristensis Eugène
南斯拉夫番紅花 Crocus cvijicii Kosanin
Crocus cyprius Boiss. & Kotschy
達馬希亞番紅花 Crocus dalmaticus Vis.
Crocus damascenus Herb.
Crocus danfordiae Maw
Crocus danubensis Kernd., Pasche, Randjel. & V.Randjel.
Crocus demirizianus Erol & Can
Crocus dilekyarensis Ruksans
Crocus dispathaceus Bowles
Crocus dubius E.H.L.Krause
Crocus duncanii Ruksans
Crocus duplex Weston
意大利番紅花 Crocus etruscus Parl.
Crocus fatuus Medik.
Crocus fauseri Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus fibroannulatus (Kernd. & Pasche) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
Crocus filis-maculatis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus flavus Haw., 1812
Crocus flavus Weston
Crocus fleischeri J.Gay
橙黃番紅花 Crocus gargaricus Herb.
Crocus geghartii Sosn.
Crocus gembosii Ruksans
Crocus georgei Ruksans
Crocus gilanicus B.Mathew
多芽番紅花 Crocus goulimyi Turrill
Crocus grandiflorus Raf.
Crocus graveolens Boiss. & Reut.
Crocus gunae Ruksans
Crocus guneri (Yüzb.) Ruksans
網皮番紅花 Crocus hadriaticus Herb.
Crocus hakkariensis (B.Mathew) Ruksans
Crocus hartmannianus Holmboe
Crocus harveyi Ruksans
Crocus hatayensis Ruksans
Crocus haussknechtii (Boiss. & Reut. ex Maw) Boiss.
Crocus heilbronniorum Erol
Crocus hellenicus (Rukšāns) Rukšāns, 2014
Crocus henrikii Rukšāns, 2014
Crocus hermoneus Kotschy ex Maw
Crocus heuffelianus Herb.
Crocus hittiticus T.Baytop & B.Mathew
Crocus hyemalis Boiss. & Blanche
Crocus ibrahimii (Rukšāns) Rukšāns, 2014
Crocus ilgazensis (B.Mathew) Ruksans
Crocus ilvensis Peruzzi & Carta
傑格番紅花 Crocus imperati Colla
Crocus imperati Ten.
Crocus incognitus Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus incompletus J.A.Richt.
Crocus inghamii Ruksans
Crocus ionopharynx (Kernd. & Pasche) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
Crocus iranicus Ruksans
Crocus isauricus Siehe ex Bowles
Crocus istanbulensis (B.Mathew) Ruksans
Crocus jablanicensis Randjel. & V.Randjel.
Crocus janthinus Weston
Crocus kangalensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus karamanensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus karduchorum Kotschy ex Boiss., 1882
Crocus karduchorum Kotschy ex Maw
Crocus kartaldagensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus katrancensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus keltepensis Yüzb.^[2]
Crocus kerndorffiorum Pasche
Crocus kofudagensis Ruksans
Crocus korolkowii Maw & Regel
Crocus kosaninii Pulevic
黎巴嫩番紅花 Crocus kotschyanus Boiss., 1882
Crocus kotschyanus K.Koch
Crocus kurdistanicus (Maroofi & Assadi) Rukšāns, 2014
光皮番紅花 Crocus laevigatus Bory & Chaub.
Crocus laevigatus Spruner ex Nyman, 1882
Crocus lagenaeflorus Salisb.
Crocus lazicus Boiss.
Crocus leichtlinii (Dewer) Bowles
Crocus leucostylosus (Kernd. & Pasche) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
Crocus ligusticus Mariotti
香番紅花 Crocus longiflorus Raf.
Crocus longiflorus Rchb., 1832
Crocus lyciotauricus Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus lycius (B.Mathew) Ruksans
Crocus lydius Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus macedonicus Rukšāns, 2013
Crocus malatyensis Kernd. & Pasche
雪白番紅花 Crocus malyi Vis.
Crocus marasensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus mathewii Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus mawii Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus mazziaricus Herb.
Crocus mediotauricus Kernd. & Pasche
法國番紅花 Crocus medius
Crocus melantherus Boiss. & Orph. ex Maw
Crocus mersinensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus michelsonii B.Fedtsch.
Crocus micranthus Boiss.
小番紅花 Crocus minimus DC.
Crocus minimus Redouté
Crocus minutus Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus moabiticus Bornm.
Crocus mouradi Whittall
Crocus muglaensis Rukšāns, 2014
Crocus multicostatus Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus munzurense Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus musagecitii Erol & Yildirim
Crocus mysius Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus naqabensis Al-Eisawi & Kiswani
Crocus neapolitanus (Ker Gawl.) Loisel.
Crocus neglectus Peruzzi & Carta
Crocus nerimaniae Yüzb.
Crocus nevadensis Amo & Campo
Crocus nivalis Bory & Chaub.
Crocus niveus Bowles
Crocus novicii V.Randjel. & Miljkovic
Crocus nubigena Herb.
走莖番紅花 Crocus nudiflorus Sm.
乳黃番紅花 Crocus ochroleucus Boiss. & Gaill.
Crocus officinalis Beck
Crocus olivieri J.Gay
Crocus oreocreticus B.L.Burtt
Crocus oreogenus Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus orphei Karampl. & Constantin.
Crocus pallasii Goldb.
Crocus pamphylicus (B.Mathew) Ruksans
Crocus paschei Kernd.
Crocus pelistericus Pulevic
Crocus pelitensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus penicillatus Steud., 1840
Crocus persicus Hausskn.
Crocus pestalozzae Boiss.
Crocus polyanthus Weston
Crocus ponticus Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus pseudonubigena (B.Mathew) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
可愛番紅花 Crocus pulchellus Herb.
Crocus pulchricolor (Herb.) Herb. ex Tchich.
Crocus pumilus (Rukšāns) Rukšāns, 2014
Crocus punctatus (B.Mathew) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
Crocus puringii Ruksans
Crocus randjeloviciorum Kernd., Pasche, Harpke & Raca
Crocus rechingeri Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus reinhardii Ruksans
Crocus reticulatus Steven ex Adam
Crocus rhodensis Ruksans
Crocus robertianus C.D.Brickell
Crocus romuleoides Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus roseoviolaceus Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus rujanensis Randjel. & D.A.Hill
Crocus ruksansii Zubov
Crocus sakaltutanensis Ruksans
Crocus sakariensis (Rukšāns) Rukšāns, 2014
Crocus salurdagensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus salzmannii J.Gay
Crocus sanandajensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus sarichinarensis (Rukšāns) Rukšāns, 2017
Crocus sativus Biv. ex Steud., 1840
番紅花 Crocus sativus L.
Crocus sativus Mill., 1768
Crocus sativus Ten.
Crocus scardicus Kosanin
Crocus scharojanii Rupr.
Crocus schneideri Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus seisumsiana Ruksans
Crocus serotinus Bert.
Crocus siculus Tineo
Crocus siculus Tineo ex Guss., 1832
西柏番紅花 Crocus sieberi J.Gay
Crocus sieheanus Barr ex B.L.Burtt
Crocus simavensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus sipyleus (F.Candan & Özhatay) Ruksans
Crocus sivasensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus sozenii Ruksans
美麗番紅花 Crocus speciosus Griseb., 1846
Crocus speciosus M.Bieb.
Crocus speciosus Rochel
Crocus stevensii Ruksans
Crocus straussii Hausskn.
Crocus striatulus Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus stridii Papan. & Zacharof
Crocus suaveolens Bertol.
Crocus susianus Hayne ex Steud., 1840
Crocus suwarowianus K.Koch, 1848
Crocus suworowianus K.Koch
Crocus tahtaliensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus taseliensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus tauri Maw
Crocus tauricus (Trautv.) Puring
Crocus terzioghlui Erol
Crocus thirkeanus K.Koch
Crocus thomasii Ten.
Crocus thracicus Yüzb. & Aslan
托氏番紅花 Crocus tommasinianus Herb.
Crocus tournefortii J.Gay
Crocus tuna-ekimii Yüzb.
Crocus turcicus (B.Mathew) Ruksans
Crocus uschakensis Rukšāns, 2014
Crocus vaclavii Rukšāns, 2013
Crocus vallecola Herb., 1845
Crocus vallicola Herb.
Crocus variegatus Hoppe & Hornsch.
Crocus veluchensis Herb.
Crocus veneris Tapp. ex Poech
春番紅花 Crocus vernus (L.) Hill,荷蘭番紅花
Crocus versicolor Barcelo, 1881
Crocus versicolor KerGawl.
Crocus vitellinus Wahlenb.
Crocus wattiorum (B.Mathew) B.Mathew
Crocus weldenii Hoppe & Fürnr.
Crocus xantholaimos (B.Mathew) Ruksans
Crocus xanthosus Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus yakarianus Yildirim & Erol
Crocus yalovensis Ruksans
Crocus yaseminiae Erol
Crocus yataganensis (Kernd. & Pasche) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
Crocus youngiorum Ruksans & Zetterl.
Crocus zagrosensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus zanjanensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus zetterlundii Ruksans
Crocus ziyaretensis Kernd. & Pasche
Crocus zonatus J.Gay, 1860
Crocus zubovii Ruksans

雜交種：

參考文獻

^ Crocus L.. GBIF. [2023-07-16]. （原始內容存檔於2023-05-27）.
^ Sırrı Yüzbaşıoğlu. 2019. Crocus keltepensis (Iridaceae): A New Crocus Species from the Highest Part of the Samanlı Mountains, NW Turkey. Phytotaxa. 418(2); 230–236. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.418.2.8

[1] Crocus L.. GBIF. [2023-07-16]. （原始內容存檔於2023-05-27）.

[2] Sırrı Yüzbaşıoğlu. 2019. Crocus keltepensis (Iridaceae): A New Crocus Species from the Highest Part of the Samanlı Mountains, NW Turkey. Phytotaxa. 418(2); 230–236. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.418.2.8

[1]

[2]