伊斯蘭教中的阿拉伯語
阿拉伯語是伊斯蘭教中的標準禮拜語言，通常在教育和禮拜中發揮着特殊作用。許多穆斯林將古蘭經視為神啟——人們相信它是真主用阿拉伯語向穆罕默德直接啟示的話語。[1][2] 因此，其他語言的《古蘭經》譯本並不被視為《古蘭經》本身；相反，它們被視為解釋性文本，試圖傳達《古蘭經》信息的翻譯。.[3][4] 無論如何，儘管這些經文對於宗教實踐而言不合法，但它們通常被伊斯蘭宗教當局接受為非阿拉伯語人士的解釋指南[5] 伊斯蘭教學者必須學習和解讀古典阿拉伯語的《古蘭經》。根據四個公認的遜尼派法學派，要求《呼圖白》完全以古典阿拉伯語進行宣講。[6]
伊斯蘭教關注阿拉伯語的歷史根源可能來自前伊斯蘭時代的阿拉伯詩歌傳統，其中的文學詩人認為阿拉伯語言具有無法翻譯的特殊詩意品質。[7] 這一傳統一直延續到今天，人們相信穆罕默德所說的古典阿拉伯語是「純潔的」和「未受污染的」。[8]
穆斯林信奉每天祈禱五次的戒律，即「祈禱」，其中通常包括誦讀《古蘭經》中的段落。然而，絕大多數穆斯林的母語不是阿拉伯語，因此許多人認為有必要學習該語言才能參與日常祈禱。[9] 幾乎所有穆斯林都相信，阿拉伯語的《古蘭經》是穆罕默德通過天使使者加百列口述自真主的抄本，並在天國的米拉吉找到。[10] 然而，這種信仰並不是所有穆斯林都具有的，而是隨着時間的推移，通過伊斯蘭教的發展而逐漸出現的.[11]
參考
- ^ Ernst 2013，第62頁:
It is commonplace to hear Muslim authors assert that the Qur'an is the literal word of God. This statement should probably be taken as an assertion that the words of God as revealed to Muhammad are indeed the words of God. That is, the Arabic text of the Qur'an is regarded as divine speech.
- ^ Suleiman 2003，第43頁: "The Qur'an puts Arabic in a favoured position as the communicative medium for expressing God's universal truths"
- ^ Boulaouali 2021，第124頁: "The consensus among Muslim scholars that the Quran translation is not a Quran, but rather an explanation of its meanings in the target language"
- ^ Renard 2014，第100頁: "The Arabic text of the Qur'ān has been handed down according to the exact wording of its verses, and no one may change them in the Arabic language by the agreement of Muslims"
- ^ Boulaouali 2021，第126頁: "There is a broad consensus among Muslim scholars and the four Sunni law schools about allowing the interpretation of the Quran in other languages"
- ^ Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani. The Language of the Friday Khutab. Karachi, Pakistan. Access via archive.org
- ^ Rahman 1988，第23頁: "The roots of this Qur'anic doctrine lie in the fact that pre-Islamic Arabs were already very proud of the expressive quality of their language. Before Islam, Arab poets competed with each other by composing eloquent poetry"
- ^ Zammit 2002，第38頁: "Muslim tradition qualifies Qur'ānic Arabic as the chastest language, that Muhammad spoke the most undefiled speech among all the Arabs and, consequently, that the language of his people, the Qurayš, was the purest Arabic"
- ^ Ernst 2013，第3頁: "Although over 80 percent of Muslims worldwide are not native speakers of Arabic, all observant Muslims need to know at least portions of the Qur'an by heart in the original language, to recite in their daily prayers."
- ^ Renard 2014.
- ^ Andani 2019，第4頁: "Yet it is simply not the case that all Muslims throughout history conceived the nature of the Qur'ān in such a simplistic and singular manner. Indeed, Muslim exegetes, theologians, philosophers, and mystics have historically voiced a myriad of perspectives about the ontology of the Qur'ān as divine or revelatory speech, the process of its revelatory descent, the creative agency of the Prophet Muhammad, and the theological status of the Arabic words of the Qur'ān."