EMT6

EMT6 (Experimental Mammary Tumour-6) 是在1971年由史丹福大學的科研人員建立的BALB/cCrgl小鼠乳腺癌細胞系^[1]。

科研人員最初是將增生性肺泡結節 (hyperplastic alveolar nodule) 植入至BALB/cCRGl小鼠的體內，使該小鼠形成腫瘤及自發轉移病灶至肺部^[2]^[3]，命名為KHJJ細胞。接着在BALB/cKa小鼠體內繁殖，並且在第25次動物傳代後進行培養，命名為EMT細胞。EMT6細胞即為EMT細胞的克隆株。EMT6細胞目前已成為三陰性乳腺癌的腫瘤免疫學（英語：Cancer immunology）研究中，有用的臨床前模型。 EMT6細胞會表達細胞程式死亡-配體1 (PD-L1) ，並且對免疫療法有中等的反應。抗CTLA-4抑製劑或抗PD-L1抑製劑通常會抑制着腫瘤的生長，而聯合療法的抑制效果更顯著^[4]^[5]^[6]。

參考資料

^ Rockwell, SC; Kallman, RF; Fajardo, LF. Characteristics of a serially transplanted mouse mammary tumor and its tissue-culture-adapted derivative.. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1972-09, 49 (3): 735–49 [2019-12-25]. PMID 4647494. doi:10.1093/jnci/49.3.735. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）.
^ Kresl, JJ; Potempa, LA; Anderson, B; Radosevich, JA. Inhibition of mouse mammary adenocarcinoma (EMT6) growth and metastases in mice by a modified form of C-reactive protein.. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine. NaN, 20 (2): 72–87 [2019-12-25]. PMID 10050106. doi:10.1159/000030050. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）. 請檢查|date=中的日期值 (幫助)
^ Viloria-Petit, AM; David, L; Jia, JY; Erdemir, T; Bane, AL; Pinnaduwage, D; Roncari, L; Narimatsu, M; Bose, R; Moffat, J; Wong, JW; Kerbel, RS; O'Malley, FP; Andrulis, IL; Wrana, JL. A role for the TGFbeta-Par6 polarity pathway in breast cancer progression.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2009-08-18, 106 (33): 14028–33 [2019-12-25]. PMID 19667198. doi:10.1073/pnas.0906796106. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）.
^ Lewis, KE; Selby, MJ; Masters, G; Valle, J; Dito, G; Curtis, WR; Garcia, R; Mink, KA; Waggie, KS; Holdren, MS; Grosso, JF; Korman, AJ; Jure-Kunkel, M; Dillon, SR. Interleukin-21 combined with PD-1 or CTLA-4 blockade enhances antitumor immunity in mouse tumor models.. Oncoimmunology. 2017, 7 (1): e1377873 [2019-12-25]. PMID 29296539. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1377873.
^ Mariathasan, S; Turley, SJ; Nickles, D; Castiglioni, A; Yuen, K; Wang, Y; Kadel EE, III; Koeppen, H; Astarita, JL; Cubas, R; Jhunjhunwala, S; Banchereau, R; Yang, Y; Guan, Y; Chalouni, C; Ziai, J; Şenbabaoğlu, Y; Santoro, S; Sheinson, D; Hung, J; Giltnane, JM; Pierce, AA; Mesh, K; Lianoglou, S; Riegler, J; Carano, RAD; Eriksson, P; Höglund, M; Somarriba, L; Halligan, DL; van der Heijden, MS; Loriot, Y; Rosenberg, JE; Fong, L; Mellman, I; Chen, DS; Green, M; Derleth, C; Fine, GD; Hegde, PS; Bourgon, R; Powles, T. TGFβ attenuates tumour response to PD-L1 blockade by contributing to exclusion of T cells.. Nature. 2018-02-22, 554 (7693): 544–548 [2019-12-25]. PMID 29443960. doi:10.1038/nature25501. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）.
^ Xu, C; Zhang, Y; Rolfe, PA; Hernández, VM; Guzman, W; Kradjian, G; Marelli, B; Qin, G; Qi, J; Wang, H; Yu, H; Tighe, R; Lo, KM; English, JM; Radvanyi, L; Lan, Y. Combination Therapy with NHS-muIL12 and Avelumab (anti-PD-L1) Enhances Antitumor Efficacy in Preclinical Cancer Models.. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 2017-10-01, 23 (19): 5869–5880 [2019-12-25]. PMID 28679778. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-0483. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）.

[1] Rockwell, SC; Kallman, RF; Fajardo, LF. Characteristics of a serially transplanted mouse mammary tumor and its tissue-culture-adapted derivative.. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1972-09, 49 (3): 735–49 [2019-12-25]. PMID 4647494. doi:10.1093/jnci/49.3.735. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）.

[2] Kresl, JJ; Potempa, LA; Anderson, B; Radosevich, JA. Inhibition of mouse mammary adenocarcinoma (EMT6) growth and metastases in mice by a modified form of C-reactive protein.. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine. NaN, 20 (2): 72–87 [2019-12-25]. PMID 10050106. doi:10.1159/000030050. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）. 請檢查|date=中的日期值 (幫助)

[3] Viloria-Petit, AM; David, L; Jia, JY; Erdemir, T; Bane, AL; Pinnaduwage, D; Roncari, L; Narimatsu, M; Bose, R; Moffat, J; Wong, JW; Kerbel, RS; O'Malley, FP; Andrulis, IL; Wrana, JL. A role for the TGFbeta-Par6 polarity pathway in breast cancer progression.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2009-08-18, 106 (33): 14028–33 [2019-12-25]. PMID 19667198. doi:10.1073/pnas.0906796106. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）.

[4] Lewis, KE; Selby, MJ; Masters, G; Valle, J; Dito, G; Curtis, WR; Garcia, R; Mink, KA; Waggie, KS; Holdren, MS; Grosso, JF; Korman, AJ; Jure-Kunkel, M; Dillon, SR. Interleukin-21 combined with PD-1 or CTLA-4 blockade enhances antitumor immunity in mouse tumor models.. Oncoimmunology. 2017, 7 (1): e1377873 [2019-12-25]. PMID 29296539. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1377873.

[5] Mariathasan, S; Turley, SJ; Nickles, D; Castiglioni, A; Yuen, K; Wang, Y; Kadel EE, III; Koeppen, H; Astarita, JL; Cubas, R; Jhunjhunwala, S; Banchereau, R; Yang, Y; Guan, Y; Chalouni, C; Ziai, J; Şenbabaoğlu, Y; Santoro, S; Sheinson, D; Hung, J; Giltnane, JM; Pierce, AA; Mesh, K; Lianoglou, S; Riegler, J; Carano, RAD; Eriksson, P; Höglund, M; Somarriba, L; Halligan, DL; van der Heijden, MS; Loriot, Y; Rosenberg, JE; Fong, L; Mellman, I; Chen, DS; Green, M; Derleth, C; Fine, GD; Hegde, PS; Bourgon, R; Powles, T. TGFβ attenuates tumour response to PD-L1 blockade by contributing to exclusion of T cells.. Nature. 2018-02-22, 554 (7693): 544–548 [2019-12-25]. PMID 29443960. doi:10.1038/nature25501. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）.

[6] Xu, C; Zhang, Y; Rolfe, PA; Hernández, VM; Guzman, W; Kradjian, G; Marelli, B; Qin, G; Qi, J; Wang, H; Yu, H; Tighe, R; Lo, KM; English, JM; Radvanyi, L; Lan, Y. Combination Therapy with NHS-muIL12 and Avelumab (anti-PD-L1) Enhances Antitumor Efficacy in Preclinical Cancer Models.. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 2017-10-01, 23 (19): 5869–5880 [2019-12-25]. PMID 28679778. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-0483. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）.

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