海座星
海座星綱 化石時期:
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Streptaster vorticellatus(直徑13毫米),產自美國肯塔基州上奧陶統 | |
科學分類 | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 棘皮動物門 Echinodermata |
綱: | †海座星綱 Edrioasteroidea Billings, 1858 |
目 | |
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海座星(edrioasteroids),又稱座海星,是一類已滅絕的棘皮動物,生存於寒武紀中期至二疊紀。海座星營固着濾食生活,無莖(Column),身體扁平,球形或圓柱形,從背部中央的口輻射出的五條步帶溝是海座星的典型特徵,步帶溝里長有特殊的管足,用來輸送食物到口中。
海座星在棘皮動物門中的具體分類地位尚無共識,有文獻將海座星綱歸入海膽亞門[1][2][3][4],也有資料將其歸入海百合亞門[5],還有假說認為海座星綱是棘皮動物較早分化的幹群,不屬於任何亞門。[6][7][8]
屬及種
僅列出部分屬。
- ?Arkarua
- Walcottidiscus(最古老的海座星,來自於中寒武紀的伯吉斯頁岩)
- W. typicalus
- Stromatocystites
- S. pentangularis
- S. reduncus
- S. walcotti
- Kailidiscus
- K. chinensis
- 海座星屬 Edrioaster(模式屬)
- E. bigsbyi
- E. priscus
- Edriophus
- E. levis
- Paredriophus
- P. elongatus
- Totiglobus
- T. nimius
- T. lloydi
- Cambraster
- C. cannati
- C. tastudorum
- Edriodiscus
- E. primotica
- Lebedodiscus
- 費氏海座星屬 Foerstediscus
- F. grandi
- F. splendens
- Cystaster
- C. stellatus
- Cryptogoleus
- C. chapmani
- Bellochthus
- Streptaster
- S. vorticellatus
- Cryptogoleus
- C. chapmani
- Carneyella
- C. pilea
- C. faberi
- C. ulrichi
- Isorophus
- I. cincinnatiensis
- Isorophusella
- 海蒲團屬 Camptostroma
- C. roddyi
- Rectitriordo
- Agelacrinites
- Krama
- K. devonicum (Bassler), 1936
- Parakrama
- Hemicystites
- H. bohemica
- H. chapmani
- H. devonicus
- Neoisorophusella
- N. lanei
- N. berryi
- N. maslennikovi
- N. whitesidei
- Curvitriordo
- Thresherodiscus
- T. ramosa (Foerste, 1914)
- Postibulla
- P. westergaardi
- Parapostibulla
- P. belli
- P. graysoni
- Eopostibulla
- Pyrgopostibulla
- Yorkicystis
- Torquerisediscus
- Cooperidiscus
- Dynocystis
- Stalticodiscus
- Ulrichidiscus
- Clavidiscus
- Discocystis
- Hypsiclavus
- Spiraclavus
- Giganticlavus
- Lispidecodus
- L. plinthotus (Kesling, 1967)
參考文獻
- ^ Fell, Howard and Sepkoski, John. "Echinozoa." Science, 2019-12
- ^ "Echinoderms. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)" University of Kentucky,
- ^ "Class Edrioasteroidea. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)" The Taxonomicon
- ^ Guensberg, Thomas and Sprinkle, James. "Revised Phylogeny and Functional Interpretation of the Edrioasteroidea Based on New Taxa from the Early and Middle Ordovician of Western Utah." Chicago, Ill. : Field Museum of Natural, 1994.
- ^ Edrioasteroidea (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) BioLib.cz
- ^ Mooi, Rich. 2001-07, "Not All Written in Stone: Interdisciplinary Syntheses in Echinoderm Paleontology." Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79(7) 1209-1231
- ^ Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560
- ^ S. Zamora, I. A. Rahman, C. D. Sumrall, A. P. Gibson, and J. R. Thompson. 2022. Cambrian edrioasteroid reveals new mechanism for secondary reduction of the skeleton in echinoderms. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 289:20212733
- 張永輅 劉冠邦 邊立曾等. 古生物学(上册) (M) 1. 北京: 地質出版社. 1988: 321. ISBN 7-116-00148-4.
- 費爾布里奇 雅布隆斯基等. 古生物学百科全书(上册) (M) 1. 北京: 地質出版社. 1989: 336. ISBN 7-116-00271-5.
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