泥炭苔屬
泥炭蘚屬 | |
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科學分類 | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
門: | 蘚類植物門 Bryophyta |
綱: | 泥炭蘚綱 Sphagnopsida |
目: | 泥炭蘚目 Sphagnales |
科: | 泥炭蘚科 Sphagnaceae |
屬: | 泥炭蘚屬 Sphagnum L. |
組 | |
異名 | |
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泥炭蘚屬(學名:Sphagnum)舊稱水蘚屬,是泥炭蘚科唯一的現存屬,一般呈黃白色或灰白色,常有各種鏽斑。
泥炭蘚屬的莖沒有假根,並在沼澤中緊密叢生,下部逐漸死亡,上部繼續生長;「葉」有大型無色的細胞,有極強的吸水力,所以能在沼澤地上大片的叢生,遺體逐年的堆積成泥炭,並使沼澤地、湖泊逐漸淤積成陸地。泥炭苔是酸性泥炭沼澤的主要優勢物種,對碳固定有重要貢獻。
經曬乾後的泥炭蘚是園藝常見的優秀介質,保水性佳又透氣,常常代替土壤成為讓盆景植物生長的介質。
下屬物種
本屬包括以下物種:
- 擬尖葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum acutifolioides Warnst
- 小葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum angustifolium
- 截葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum angstroemii
- 喙葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum apiculatum Lindb,多生於雲、冷杉林下和落葉松甸子中。
- 粗葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum aquarrosum Crome.,生於林下積水地,雲、冷杉林下和塔頭中。是東北各林區常見種,常見孢蕨。
- 瓢葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum beccarii
- Sphagnum cavernulosum Flatberg & Whinam, 2011[1]
- 中華泥炭蘚 Sphagnum chinense
- 密葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum compactum
- Sphagnum complanatum Flatberg & Whinam[1]
- 扭枝泥炭蘚 Sphagnum contortum Schultzm, 1819
- 擬狹葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum cuspidatulum
- 狹葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh.
- 大泥炭蘚 Sphagnum cymbifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw., 1782,為Sphagnum palustre L.的異名
- 細齒泥炭蘚 Sphagnum denticulatum Bridel, 1826
- Sphagnum divinum [2]
- 長葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum falcatulum Sphagnum falcatulum Bescherelle, 1885
- 鏽色泥炭蘚 Sphagnum fuscum Klinggräff, 1872
- 白齒泥炭蘚 Sphagnum girgensohnii Russ.,生於塔頭甸子或高位沼澤,常形成大片蘚叢。東北各林區分布普遍。
- 毛壁泥炭蘚 Sphagnum imbricatum Hornschuch ex Russow, 1865
- Sphagnum incundum Flatberg & Hassel[3]
- Sphagnum intermedium Hoffm., 1796,為Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw.的異名
- 泛地泥炭蘚 Sphagnum inundatum Russow, 1894
- Sphagnum islei Warnst.[1]
- Sphagnum isoviitae Flatberg, 1992[4],為Sphagnum fallax var. isoviitae (Flatberg) Lönnell & K.Hassel的異名
- 日本泥炭蘚 Sphagnum japonicum Warnst.,為Sphagnum palustre L.的異名
- 垂枝泥炭蘚 Sphagnum jensenii H.Lindb., 1899
- 暖地泥炭蘚 Sphagnum junghuhnianum
- 加薩泥炭蘚 Sphagnum khasianum
- 利尼泥炭蘚 Sphagnum lenense
- 呂宋泥炭蘚 Sphagnum luzonense
- Sphagnum magellanicum Brid., 1798[2]
- Sphagnum medium Limpr., 1881[2]
- 中位泥炭蘚 Sphagnum magellanicum Brid., 1798
- 中位泥炭蘚 Sphagnum magellanicu Brid., 1798,生於沼澤地或塔頭甸子中,有時亦見於落葉松甸子中。
- 小孔泥炭蘚 Sphagnum microporum Warnst. ex Cardot, 1904
- 多紋泥炭蘚 Sphagnum multifibrosum
- 尖葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum nemoreum
- 禿葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum obtusiusculum
- 舌葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum obtusum
- 稀孔泥炭蘚 Sphagnum oligoporum
- 卵葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum ovatum
- 泥炭蘚 Sphagnum palustre
- 疣泥炭蘚 Sphagnum papillosum
- 擬寬葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum platyphylloides
- 羽枝泥炭蘚 Sphagnum plumulosum
- 異葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum portoricense
- 刺葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum pungifolium
- Sphagnum quarrosum
- 五列泥炭蘚 Sphagnum quinquefarium
- 喙葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum recurvum
- 岸生泥炭蘚 Sphagnum riparium
- 廣舌泥炭蘚 Sphagnum robustum (Warnst.) Röll,為 Sphagnum russowii Warnst.的異名
- 紅葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum rubellum Wilson, 1855
- 廣舌泥炭蘚 Sphagnum russowii
- 絲光泥炭蘚 Sphagnum sericeum C.Muell., 1847
- Sphagnum skyense Flatberg, 1988[5]
- 粗葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum squarrosum
- Sphagnum subsecumdum
- 偏葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum subsecundum
- 柔葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum tenellum
- 細葉泥炭蘚 Sphagnum teres (Schimp.) Aongstr.,生於塔頭沼澤或林下低洼積水地。
- 闊邊泥炭蘚 Sphagnum warnstorfianum
- 多枝泥炭蘚 Sphagnum wulfianum
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 I Flatberg, Jennie Whinam & Marc Lebouvier (2011) Three species of Sphagnum endemic to Île Amsterdam, Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises: S. cavernulosum sp. nov., S. complanatum sp. nov. and S. islei, Journal of Bryology, 33:2, 105-121, DOI: 10.1179/1743282010Y.0000000019
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kristian Hassel, Magni O. Kyrkjeeide, Narjes Yousefi, Tommy Prestø, Hans K. Stenøien, Jonathan A. Shaw & Kjell Ivar Flatberg (2018) Sphagnum divinum (sp. nov.) and S. medium Limpr. and their relationship to S. magellanicum Brid., Journal of Bryology, 40:3, 197-222, DOI: 10.1080/03736687.2018.1474424
- ^ Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide, Kristian Hassel, Blanca Shaw, A. Jonathan Shaw, Eva M. Temsch and Kjell Ivar Flatberg. 2018. Sphagnum incundum A New Species in Sphagnum subg. Acutifolia (Sphagnaceae) from Boreal and Arctic Regions of North America. Phytotaxa. 333(1); 1–21. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.333.1.1
- ^ K. I. Flatberg (1992) The European taxa in the Sphagnum recurvum complex. 1. Sphagnum isoviitae sp. nov. , Journal of Bryology, 17:1, 1-13, DOI: 10.1179/jbr.1992.17.1.1
- ^ Kjell I. Flatberg (1988) Sphagnum skyense sp. nov, Journal of Bryology, 15:1, 101-107, DOI: 10.1179/jbr.1988.15.1.101