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斬首視頻

維基百科，自由的百科全書

斬首視頻是一種充分展示人質被斬首過程的宣傳視頻。[1]這種視頻在2004年被伊斯蘭主義激進分子阿布·穆薩布·扎卡維所推廣，並引起了伊斯蘭學者的爭論。一些伊斯蘭學者公開指責這種視頻違反了伊斯蘭教法；基地組織卻不認同這一看法。無論如何，斬首視頻在一些伊斯蘭恐怖組織中流行開來，例如伊拉克和沙姆伊斯蘭國。[2]

在這些視頻中所展示的斬首通常不表現為「傳統」的方法——用劍或斧迅速地將受害者頭部砍下，而是在受害者存活之際用小刀緩慢地割或鋸被害者的頸部直到頭部與身體分離。[3]所以，伊斯蘭主義者的「斬首」確切地說應該是「割頭」。

早期的這類視頻是模糊而簡單的，不過根據《芝加哥太陽報》的說法，「（斬首視頻）變得越來越複雜，使用動畫圖形編輯技術顯然旨在修飾音頻使受害者的最後時刻更加令人不安。」[4]這些視頻經常被恐怖分子上傳到萬維網，然後被各種網絡載體所討論和傳播，[5]如博客、驚悚網站（英語：Shock sites）和傳統新聞媒體。一個墨西哥販毒集團將一段熱門的斬首視頻發布到了Facebook上，家庭在線安全研究所（英語：Family Online Safety Institute）請求將它刪除。[6] 最初Facebook拒絕了這一請求，[7]而後保持了這一決定，[8]後來澄清了他們的政策，表示斬首視頻只被允許以讓用戶「譴責」這類行為的預期態度發布。[9]

已釋出的視頻

2004年以前

2004年

2005年–2013年

2014年

2015年

騙局

一段由本傑明·范德福德、羅比特·馬丁和勞里·柯克納製作的偽造的斬首視頻在2004年被美國媒體廣泛關注。[41]該視頻使用了認主獨一聖戰組織（英語：Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad）的標誌，但是沒有該組織的旗幟。[42]它被製作出來用以范德福德的本地競選。[43]他當時正在謀取馬特·岡薩雷斯（英語：Matt Gonzalez）在舊金山監事會（美國中西部及東部各州）（英語：Board of Supervisors）的席位。[44] 范德福德的第二目的是指出主流媒體將會怎樣不加批判地接受一部匿名視頻。[45]全球伊斯蘭媒體陣線（英語：Global Islamic Media Front (GIMF)）聲稱製作了這部視頻，但是在被揭穿後將該視頻從他們的網站上刪除了。[46]該視頻也出現在其他激進分子的網站上，也被一些阿拉伯語電視台節目所引用。[47][48]

參見

參考資料

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外部連結

取自「https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=斩首视频&oldid=75083536」