大豬籠草
大豬籠草
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| 產自蘇拉威西的大豬籠草上位籠，海拔約400米 | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 真雙子葉植物 Eudicots |
| 目： | 石竹目 Caryophyllales |
| 科： | 豬籠草科 Nepenthaceae |
| 屬： | 豬籠草屬 Nepenthes |
| 種： | 大豬籠草 N. maxima
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| 二名法 | |
| Nepenthes maxima | |
| 異名 | |
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大豬籠草[3]（學名：Nepenthes maxima）是一種廣布於蘇拉威西[3]、新幾內亞[3]和摩鹿加群島[4]的熱帶食蟲植物。其也可能存在於沃沃尼島。[5]
大豬籠草被歸入「大豬籠草系」中，其中還包括博世豬籠草（N. boschiana）、陳氏豬籠草（N. chaniana）、附生豬籠草（N. epiphytica）、艾瑪豬籠草、法薩豬籠草（N. faizaliana）、暗色豬籠草（N. fusca）、扎克里豬籠草（N. zakriana ）、N. dactylifera 、克洛斯豬籠草（N. klossii）、寬唇豬籠草（N. platychila）、窄葉豬籠草（N. stenophylla）、柔毛豬籠草(N. mollis) 和佛氏豬籠草（N. vogelii）。[6]
常見於蘇拉威西的某些變型常具有明顯波浪狀的葉片。[4][7]個別極端個體的葉片翼即使下延至下部整個節間，但其仍可能呈高度波浪狀。[8]這種波浪狀的葉片是由於葉緣細胞生長造成的，由於其葉片質薄，從而導致其葉片呈波浪狀以降低其應力勢能。[9]
雖然柯蒂斯豬籠草（N. curtisii）為該物種的異名，但其也被用於指代其他許多栽培種。
形態特徵
大豬籠草捕蟲籠的形態特徵多變。捕蟲籠可為純綠色或帶斑點，少數斑點眾多，幾乎為黑色。不同變型的唇也存在差異，產自新幾內亞的變型其唇較寬。[3]
產於蘇拉威西的大豬籠草上位籠，其生長的海拔高度從左至右一至三為400米、四至五為700米
產於新幾內亞的大豬籠草上位籠，其生長的海拔高度從左至右分別為1500米、1600米、1700米、2300米和2600米
種下類群
- Nepenthes maxima f. undulata Sh.Kurata (1985)
- Nepenthes maxima var. glabrata Becc. in sched. nom.nud.
- Nepenthes maxima var. lowii (Hook.f.) Becc. (1886) [=N. stenophylla]
- Nepenthes maxima var. minor Macf. (1917)
- Nepenthes maxima var. sumatrana (Miq.) Becc. (1886) [=N. sumatrana]
- Nepenthes maxima var. superba (Hort.Veitch ex Marshall) Veitch (1897)
2009年，一種產自婆娑湖的栽培品種被命名為婆娑湖大豬籠草（Nepenthes maxima『Lake Poso』）[10]
自然雜交種
- ? N. eymae × N. maxima[4]
- N. glabrata × N. maxima[4]
- N. klossii × N. maxima[10]
- N. maxima × N. neoguineensis[4]
- N. maxima × N. tentaculata[11]
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無毛豬籠草與大豬籠草的疑似自然雜交種 -
克洛斯豬籠草與大豬籠草的自然雜交種 -
大豬籠草與新幾內亞豬籠草的自然雜交種
參考文獻
- ^ （拉丁文） Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105.
- ^ Masters, M.T. 1887. New or noteworthy plants. Nepenthes Curtisii, Mast., sp. nov.. The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 2(49): 681, 689.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 60. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ （印尼文） Sunarti, S., A. Hidayat & Rugayah 2008. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan di hutan Pegunungan Waworete, Kecamatan Wawonii Timur, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） [Plants diversity at the mountain forest of Waworete, East Wawonii District, Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi.] Biodiversitas 9(3): 194–198.
- ^ Robinson, A.S., J. Nerz & A. Wistuba 2011. Nepenthes epiphytica, a new pitcher plant from East Kalimantan. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 36–51.
- ^ [Anonymous] 2013. BE-3543 Nepenthes maxima - wavy leaf.PDF Nepenthes Growers Newsletter 2(2): 7–8.
- ^ Bourke, G. 2010. Plant profile: Nepenthes maxima.PDF Captive Exotics Newsletter 1(1): 9–10.
- ^ Sharon, E., M. Marder & H.L. Swinney 2004. Leaves, flowers and garbage bags: making waves. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） American Scientist 92(3): 254–261.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Evans, D.P. 2009. New Cultivars: Nepenthes maxima 『Lake Poso』 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 38(1): 18–22.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sulawesi. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
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- [Anonymous] 2010. Eramet-PT Weda Bay Nickel Exploration and Development ESIA.（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） ERM Indonesia, Jakarta.
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