地球的地殼元素豐度列表
以下是地球地殼的化學元素豐度列表,其中包括5份不同資料來源得到的結果,豐度以質量百分比為準。
此等數字是估計值,因資料來源及估計方式而異,各元素豐度的大小關係只能作參考。
原子序 | 元素 | 化學符號 | [1] | [2] | [3] | [4] | [5] | 年產量 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8 | 氧 | O | 46.60% | 47.40% | 46% | 46.71% | 46.1% | 100000000噸 |
14 | 矽 | Si | 27.72% | 27.71% | 27% | 27.69% | 28.2% | 3880000噸 |
13 | 鋁 | Al | 8.13% | 8.20% | 8.2% | 8.07% | 8.23% | 15000000噸 |
26 | 鐵 | Fe | 5.00% | 4.10% | 6.3% | 5.05% | 5.63% | 716000000噸 |
20 | 鈣 | Ca | 3.63% | 4.10% | 5.0% | 3.65% | 4.15% | 112000000噸 |
11 | 鈉 | Na | 2.83% | 2.30% | 2.30% | 2.75% | 2.36% | 200000噸 |
19 | 鉀 | K | 2.59% | 2.10% | 1.50% | 2.58% | 2.09% | 200噸 |
12 | 鎂 | Mg | 2.09% | 2.30% | 2.90% | 2.08% | 2.33% | 350000噸 |
22 | 鈦 | Ti | 0.44% | 0.56% | 0.66% | 0.62% | 0.56% | 99000噸 |
1 | 氫 | H | 0.14% | (不適用) | 0.15% | 0.14% | 0.14% | |
15 | 磷 | P | 0.12% | 1000 ppm | 1000 ppm | 1300 ppm | 1050 ppm | 153000000噸 |
25 | 錳 | Mn | 0.10% | 950 ppm | 1100 ppm | 900 ppm | 950 ppm | 6220000噸 |
9 | 氟 | F | 0.08% | 950 ppm | 540 ppm | 290 ppm | 585 ppm | |
56 | 鋇 | Ba | 500 ppm | 340 ppm | 500 ppm | 425 ppm | 6000000噸 | |
6 | 碳 | C | 0.03% | 480 ppm
(0.048%) |
1800 ppm
(0.18%) |
940 ppm | 200 ppm
(0.020%) |
8600000000噸 |
38 | 鍶 | Sr | 370 ppm | 360 ppm | 370 ppm | 137000噸 | ||
16 | 硫 | S | 0.05% | 260 ppm | 420 ppm | 520 ppm | 350 ppm | 54000000噸 |
40 | 鋯 | Zr | 190 ppm | 130 ppm | 250 ppm | 165 ppm | 7000噸 | |
74 | 鎢 | W | 160.6 ppm | 190 ppm | 1.25 ppm (?) | 45100噸 | ||
23 | 釩 | V | 0.01% | 160 ppm | 190 ppm | 120 ppm | 7000噸 | |
17 | 氯 | Cl | 0.05% | 130 ppm | 170 ppm | 450 ppm | 145 ppm | |
24 | 鉻 | Cr | 0.01% | 100 ppm | 140 ppm | 350 ppm | 102 ppm | 4000000噸 |
37 | 銣 | Rb | 0.03% | 90 ppm | 60 ppm | 90 ppm | 只作研究用途[需要解釋] | |
28 | 鎳 | Ni | 80 ppm | 90 ppm | 190 ppm | 84 ppm | 1300000噸 | |
30 | 鋅 | Zn | 痕量 | 75 ppm | 79 ppm | 70 ppm | 5020000噸 | |
29 | 銅 | Cu | 0.01% | 50 ppm | 68 ppm | 60 ppm | 6450000噸 | |
58 | 鈰 | Ce | 68 ppm | 60 ppm | 66.5 ppm | 24000噸 | ||
60 | 釹 | Nd | 38 ppm | 33 ppm | 41.5 ppm | 7300噸 | ||
57 | 鑭 | La | 32 ppm | 34 ppm | 39 ppm | 12500噸 | ||
39 | 釔 | Y | 30 ppm | 29 ppm | 33 ppm | 400噸 | ||
7 | 氮 | N | 0.005% | 25 ppm | 20 ppm | 19 ppm | 44000000噸 | |
27 | 鈷 | Co | 痕量 | 20 ppm | 30 ppm | 25 ppm | 17000噸 | |
3 | 鋰 | Li | 20 ppm | 17 ppm | 20 ppm | 39000噸 | ||
41 | 鈮 | Nb | 20 ppm | 17 ppm | 20 ppm | 15000噸 | ||
31 | 鎵 | Ga | 18 ppm | 19 ppm | 19 ppm | 30噸 | ||
21 | 鈧 | Sc | 16 ppm | 26 ppm | 22 ppm | 0.50噸 | ||
82 | 鉛 | Pb | 14 ppm | 10 ppm | 14 ppm | 2800000噸 | ||
62 | 釤 | Sm | 7.9 ppm | 6 ppm | 705 ppm | 700噸 | ||
90 | 釷 | Th | 12 ppm | 6 ppm | 9.6 ppm | 31000噸 | ||
59 | 鐠 | Pr | 9.5 ppm | 8.7 ppm | 9.2 ppm | 2400噸 | ||
5 | 硼 | B | 痕量 | 950 ppm (?) | 8.7 ppm | 10 ppm | 1000000噸 | |
64 | 釓 | Gd | 7.7 ppm | 5.2 ppm | 6.2 ppm | 400噸 | ||
66 | 鏑 | Dy | 6 ppm | 6.2 ppm | 5.2 ppm | 100噸 | ||
72 | 鉿 | Hf | 5.3 ppm | 3.3 ppm | 3.0 ppm | 50噸 | ||
68 | 鉺 | Er | 3.8 ppm | 3.0 ppm | 3.5 ppm | 500噸 | ||
70 | 鐿 | Yb | 3.3 ppm | 2.8 ppm | 3.2 ppm | 50噸 | ||
55 | 銫 | Cs | 3 ppm | 1.9 ppm | 3 ppm | 20噸 | ||
4 | 鈹 | Be | 2.6 ppm | 1.9 ppm | 2.8 ppm | 364噸 | ||
50 | 錫 | Sn | 痕量 | 2.2 ppm | 2.2 ppm | 2.3 ppm | 165000噸 | |
63 | 銪 | Eu | 2.1 ppm | 1.8 ppm | 2.0 ppm | 400噸 | ||
92 | 鈾 | U | 無 | 1.8 ppm | 2.7 ppm | |||
73 | 鉭 | Ta | 2 ppm | 1.7 ppm | 2.0 ppm | 840噸 | ||
32 | 鍺 | Ge | 1.8 ppm | 1.4 ppm | 1.5 ppm | 80噸 | ||
42 | 鉬 | Mo | 痕量 | 1.5 ppm | 1.1 ppm | 1.2 ppm | 80000噸 | |
33 | 砷 | As | 1.5 ppm | 2.1 ppm | 1.8 ppm | 47000噸 | ||
67 | 鈥 | Ho | 1.4 ppm | 1.2 ppm | 1.3 ppm | 10噸 | ||
65 | 鋱 | Tb | 1.1 ppm | 0.94 ppm | 1.2 ppm | 10噸 | ||
69 | 銩 | Tm | 0.48 ppm | 0.45 ppm | 0.52 ppm | 50噸 | ||
35 | 溴 | Br | 0.37 ppm | 3 ppm | 2.4 ppm | 330000噸 | ||
81 | 鉈 | Tl | 0.6 ppm | 0.530 ppm | 0.850 ppm | 30噸 | ||
51 | 銻 | Sb | 0.2 ppm | 0.2 ppm | 0.2 ppm | 53000噸 | ||
53 | 碘 | I | 痕量 | 0.14 ppm | 0.490 ppm | 0.450 ppm | 12000噸 | |
48 | 鎘 | Cd | 0.11 ppm | 0.15 ppm | 0.15 ppm | 13900噸 | ||
47 | 銀 | Ag | 0.070 ppm | 0.080 ppm | 0.075 ppm | 9950噸 | ||
80 | 汞 | Hg | 0.05 ppm | 0.067 ppm | 0.085 ppm | 8400噸 | ||
34 | 硒 | Se | 痕量 | 0.05 ppm | 0.05 ppm | 0.05 ppm | 600噸 | |
49 | 銦 | In | 0.049 ppm | 0.160 ppm | 0.250 ppm | 75噸 | ||
83 | 鉍 | Bi | 0.048 ppm | 0.025 ppm | 0.0085 ppm | 6000噸 | ||
52 | 碲 | Te | 0.005 ppm | 0.001 ppm | 0.001 ppm | 215噸 | ||
78 | 鉑 | Pt | 0.003 ppm | 0.037 ppm | 0.005 ppm | 30噸 | ||
79 | 金 | Au | 0.0011 ppm | 0.0031 ppm | 0.004 ppm | 1400噸 | ||
44 | 釕 | Ru | 0.001 ppm | 0.001 ppm | 0.001 ppm | 0.12噸 | ||
46 | 鈀 | Pd | 0.0006 ppm | 0.0063 ppm | 0.015 ppm | 24噸 | ||
75 | 錸 | Re | 0.0004 ppm | 0.0026 ppm | 0.0007 ppm | 4.5噸 | ||
45 | 銠 | Rh | 0.0002 ppm | 0.0007 ppm | 0.001 ppm | 3噸 | ||
76 | 鋨 | Os | 0.0001 ppm | 0.0018 ppm | 0.0015 ppm | 0.06噸 | ||
77 | 銥 | Ir | 0.0000003 ppm (地球上幾乎不產銥) |
0.0004 ppm | 0.001 ppm | 3噸 |
非原生放射性元素的豐度[6]
釙:2×10-10 ppm
氡:4×10-13 ppm
鐳:9×10-7 ppm
錒:5.5×10-10 ppm
鏷:1.4×10-6 ppm
氦:5.5×10-7 ppm
氖:3×10-7 ppm
氬:1.5×10-3 ppm
氪:1.5×10-8 ppm
鍀:3×10-9 ppm
氙:2×10-9 ppm
砹:2.5×10-20 ppm
鈁:3×10-18 ppm
鎿:3×10-12 ppm
鈈:2.8×10-19 ppm
同位素豐度
氫-2:1.5×10-3 ppm
氫-3:4.5×10-11 ppm
氦-3:1.4×10-4 ppm
鋰-6:7.590 ppm
硼-10:2×101 ppm
碳-13:1.10 ppm
碳-14:1.3×10-10 ppm
鎿:3×10-12 ppm
鈈:2.8×10-19 ppm
氫-2:1.5×10-3 ppm
氫-3:4.5×10-11 ppm
氦-3:1.4×10-4 ppm
鋰-6:7.590 ppm
硼-10:2×101 ppm
碳-13:1.10 ppm
氮-15:3.7×10-2 ppm
氧-17:3.8×10-2 ppm
氧-18:6.4×10-1 ppm
氖-21:2.7-1 ppm
氖-22:9.3×10-1 ppm
鎂-25:1*100 ppm
鎂-26:1.1×100 ppm
硅-29:4.7×10-1 ppm
矽-30:3.1×10-1 ppm
鍀-99m:1.5×10-16 ppm
參考
- ^ Elements Terrestrial Abundance. www.daviddarling.info. [2007-04-14]. (原始內容存檔於2007-04-10).
- ^ Barbalace, Kenneth. Periodic Table of Elementos. Environmental Chemistry.com. [2007-04-14].[失效連結]
- ^ Abundance in Earth's Crust. WebElements.com. [2007-04-14]. (原始內容存檔於2007-03-09).
- ^ List of Periodic Table Elements Sorted by Abundance in Earth's crust. Israel Science and Technology Homepage. [2007-04-15]. (原始內容存檔於2017-02-02).
- ^ It's Elemental - The Periodic Table of Elements. Jefferson Lab. [2007-04-14]. (原始內容存檔於2007-04-29).
- ^ 存档副本. [2020-03-24]. (原始內容存檔於2019-10-03).
- BookRags Periodic Table(頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館).
- World Book Encyclopedia Exploring Earth.
- HyperPhysics Georgia State University Abundance of Elements in Earth's Crust(頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館).
人造元素
鎇:6×10-4 ppm
鋦:5.3×10-8 ppm
錇:5.5×10-11 ppm
鐦:1.8×10-13 ppm
鎄:5.5×10-18 ppm
鐨:3×10-19 ppm
鍆:3.9×10-15 ppm
鍩:4×10-21 ppm
鐒:1.1×10-29 ppm
鑪:7.5×10-36 ppm
氣奧:1.9×10-398 ppm