全染料
| 全染料 | |
|---|---|
| |
| IUPAC名 1-Ethyl-2-[(1E,3Z)-3-(1-ethylnaphtho[1,2-d][1,3]thiazol-2(1H)-ylidene)-2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl]naphtho[1,2-d][1,3]thiazol-1-ium bromide | |
| 別名 | DBTC、花菁DBTC、着色劑-All |
| 識別 | |
| CAS號 | 7423-31-6 |
| PubChem | 6364602 |
| SMILES |
|
| 性質 | |
| 化學式 | C30H27BrN2S2 |
| 摩爾質量 | 559.58 g·mol−1 |
| 若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。 | |
全染料[1]（英語：Stains-all），也稱染料-ALL，是一種羰花菁陽離子染料，能與眾多陰離子生物大分子結合產生不同顏色，包括陰離子蛋白質、核酸、陰離子多糖等[2][3]。
性質
全染料是一種異染性染色劑，根據結合的分子不同，呈現出不同的顏色[4]。染色1小時後，磷蛋白的檢測限可以達到1 ng以下[5]，多糖的檢測限則在10 ng到500 ng之間[6][7]。與高陰離子蛋白質結合顯藍色、與蛋白聚糖顯紫色、與一般陰離子蛋白顯粉色[8]。與RNA結合為藍紫色，且檢測限為90 ng；與DNA結合顯藍色，檢測限則達到3 ng[9]。
全染料對光敏感，因此染色常在避光條件下進行，且拍照過程需立刻完成。對於蛋白質的染色，可隨後進行銀染法來強化[8]。全染料與其同系物乙基全染料具有相似的性質，只是溶解程度和顯色性質不同[10]。
運用
可以用全染料染色的材料有：核酸、陰離子蛋白、陰離子多糖（海藻膠，果膠等）[11]、透明質酸、硫酸皮膚素[6]、肝素、硫酸乙酰肝素和硫酸軟骨素等[7]。常用在SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳、瓊脂糖凝膠電泳和組織染色，例如骨骼生長線的染色等[12]。
參考文獻
- ^ 張軍、林卓坤. 全染料染色法测定末端脱氧核苷酰转移酶活力. 生物化學與生物物理進展. 1994, (6): 544–546.
- ^ Green, M. R.; Pastewka, J. V.; Peacock, A. C. Differential staining of phosphoproteins on polyacrylamide gels with a cationic carbocyanine dye. Analytical Biochemistry. 1973, 56 (1): 43–51. PMID 4128675. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(73)90167-x.
- ^ Myers, Jody M.; Veis, Arthur; Sabsay, Boris; Wheeler, A.P. A Method for Enhancing the Sensitivity and Stability of Stains-All for Phosphoproteins Separated in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate–Polyacrylamide Gels. Analytical Biochemistry. 1996, 240 (2): 300–302. PMID 8811925. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0361.
- ^ Sharma, Y.; Rao, C. M.; Rao, S. C.; Krishna, A. G.; Somasundaram, T.; Balasubramanian, D. Binding site conformation dictates the color of the dye stains-all. A study of the binding of this dye to the eye lens proteins crystallins. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1989, 264 (35): 20923–7. PMID 2480348. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)30024-9
.
- ^ Cong, W. T.; Ye, W. J.; Chen, M.; Zhao, T.; Zhu, Z. X.; Niu, C.; Ruan, D. D.; Ni, M. W.; Zhou, X.; Jin, L. T. Improved staining of phosphoproteins with high sensitivity in polyacrylamide gels using Stains-All. Electrophoresis. 2013, 34 (24): 3277–86. PMID 24114871. S2CID 1412613. doi:10.1002/elps.201300328.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 NVolpi, N.; MacCari, F.; Titze, J. Simultaneous detection of submicrogram quantities of hyaluronic acid and dermatan sulfate on agarose-gel by sequential staining with toluidine blue and Stains-All. Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences. 2005, 820 (1): 131–5. PMID 15866501. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.03.028.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Volpi, N.; MacCari, F. Detection of submicrogram quantities of glycosaminoglycans on agarose gels by sequential staining with toluidine blue and Stains-All. Electrophoresis. 2002, 23 (24): 4060–6. PMID 12481260. S2CID 22945783. doi:10.1002/elps.200290021.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Goldberg, H. A.; Warner, K. J. The staining of acidic proteins on polyacrylamide gels: Enhanced sensitivity and stability of "Stains-all" staining in combination with silver nitrate. Analytical Biochemistry. 1997, 251 (2): 227–33. PMID 9299020. doi:10.1006/abio.1997.2252.
- ^ Sigma-Aldrich: MSDS Stains-All ~95%, accessed May 16, 2015.
- ^ Green, M. R.; Pastewka, J. V. The cationic carbocyanine dyes Stains-all DBTC, and Ethyl-Stains-all, DBTC-3,3',9 triethyl. The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 1979, 27 (3): 797–9. PMID 90067. doi:10.1177/27.3.90067 .
- ^ Krishna, A. G.; Sharma, Y. Conformation of alginate and pectate chains monitored by the binding of the dye stains-all. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics. 1991, 28 (1): 30–3. PMID 1711507.
- ^ Gruber, H. E.; Mekikian, P. Application of stains-all for demarcation of cement lines in methacrylate embedded bone. Biotechnic & Histochemistry. 1991, 66 (4): 181–4. PMID 1716999. doi:10.3109/10520299109109966.
