迟发性肌肉痛
迟发性肌肉痛（英语：delayed onset muscle soreness，DOMS）是一种运动之后24–72小时出现的肌肉酸痛或不舒适。通常会持续两至三日。
原因
旧式理论普遍认为该痛症为乳酸积聚所引起，但此说法已经基本被否定。因为也能产生乳酸堆积的肌纤维收缩性运动不会造成迟发性肌肉痛[1]；只有肌纤维的伸展性运动才会造成此症。此外，多项对乳酸的研究表明，运动后一小时内乳酸就会降低到正常水平，因此不能在更晚的时候引发疼痛[2]。
近期医学研究证实真正起因为肌肉伸展时，因为不习惯运动量，肌肉纤维有微细损伤[3]。
另有一种说法是痛症并不是因为肌肉细胞受损，而是肌内强化过程之中细胞膨胀，压住神经、血管，引致延迟性肌肉酸痛[4][5][6]。
DOMS在1902年被Theodore Hough指出是肌肉断裂的结果[7]。这些断裂发生在肌原纤维节在Z轴的显微病变[1]。被归因于肌肉拉伸运动（eccentric exercise）时肌肉伸展而增加的张力[8]。这会引起肌动蛋白与肌凝蛋白的桥式交叉（cross-bridge）在松弛之前的分离，最终导致剩余活动的运动单位承受更大的张力[8]。这增加了加重恶化的风险，损害了肌原纤维节。当在这些结构上发生微创伤时，肌肉组织中的痛觉感受器受到刺激引发了痛觉[2]。
另一项对DOMS引发疼痛的解释是"酶外排"理论。微创伤后，正常存储于肌浆网的钙在受损肌肉上蓄积。细胞呼吸作用被抑制，所需的主动运输钙回到肌浆网的三磷酸腺苷减慢。累积的钙激活了蛋白酶与磷脂酶导致肌蛋白分解与变性[9]。这引发了炎症，痛觉是由于积累的组胺、前列腺素、钾所致[2][10]。
减轻痛楚
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Armstrong, RB. Mechanisms of exercise-induced delayed onset muscular soreness: a brief review. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. December 1984, 16 (6): 529–38. PMID 6392811. doi:10.1249/00005768-198412000-00002.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Cheung, K; Hume, P; Maxwell, L. Delayed onset muscle soreness: treatment strategies and performance factors. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). 2003, 33 (2): 145–64. PMID 12617692. doi:10.2165/00007256-200333020-00005.
- ^ Roth, S. (2006, January 23). Why does lactic acid build up in muscles? And why does it cause soreness? 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2007-10-21. ScientificAmerica.com. Retrieved on July 24, 2006.
- ^ Connolly, D. A., Sayers, S. P. & McHugh, M. P. (2003) Treatment and prevention of delayed onset muscle soreness (abstract.) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 17(1):197-208. Retrieved from PubMed.gov on July 24, 2006.
- ^ Szymanski, D. (2003). Recommendations for the avoidance of delayed-onset muscle soreness.[永久失效链接] Strength and Conditioning Journal 23(4): 7–13.
- ^ Ji-Guo, Y. (2003). Re-evaluation of exercise-induced muscle soreness: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Abstract of unpublished doctoral dessertation, Umeyå Universittet, Sweden. ISBN 91-7305-503-4
- ^ Hough, Theodore. Ergographic studies in muscular soreness. American Journal of Physiology. 1902, 1902 (7): 76–92. doi:10.1080/23267224.1902.10649879.; Hough T. ERGOGRAPHIC STUDIES IN MUSCULAR FATIGUE AND SORENESS. J Boston Soc Med Sci. 1900, 5: 81–92. PMC 2048417
. PMID 19971340.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Gulick, DT; Kimura, IF; Sitler, M; Paolone, A; Kelly, JD. Various treatment techniques on signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness. Journal of athletic training. April 1996, 31 (2): 145–52. PMC 1318445 . PMID 16558388.
- ^ Stauber, WT. Eccentric action of muscles: physiology, injury, and adaptation. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 1989, 17: 157–85. PMID 2676546. doi:10.1249/00003677-198900170-00008.
- ^ Armstrong, RB. Initial events in exercise-induced muscular injury. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. August 1990, 22 (4): 429–35. PMID 2205778. doi:10.1249/00005768-199008000-00002.
- ^ Kennealy, D. (2002, November). Lets not throw the baby out with the bath water!! 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2005-09-07. UK Athletics - Sports Sceince Panel Articles. Retreived on July 26, 2006.
- ^ Quinn, E. (n.d.). Stretching - What the research shows. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） About Health & Fitness - Sports Medicine. Retrieved on July 26, 2006.
- ^ Knudson, D. Stretch after the match, not before. 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2007-07-07. Coaches' infoservice. Retreived on July 26, 2006.
外部链接
- 'Early events in stretch-induced muscle damage' （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Delayed onset muscle soreness (D.O.M.S.) - Pain after exercise （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Delayed-onset muscle soreness - Work out now, pay later? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Delayed onset muscle soreness exercises - How to avoid delayed onset muscle soreness (the dreaded DOMS)