班贝尔格尔重排反应
班伯格重排反应(Bamberger重排反应)是N-芳基羟胺在强酸水溶液作用下重排为对氨基苯酚的反应。[1][2]它以德国化学家尤金·班伯格(Eugen Bamberger,1857-1932)的名字命名。当对位有取代基时,产物为相应的醌醇。
N-芳基羟胺一般由铑[3]或锌[4]还原相应的芳香硝基化合物制备。
反应机理
首先发生对羟胺(1)氮和氧的质子化。N-质子化与O-质子化的产物(2与3)互为平衡,前者容易发生,但只有3可以失水,进一步转化为氮𬭩离子(4),作亲电试剂与水分子结合生成产物(5)。[5][6]
参见
参考资料
- ^ Bamberger, E. Uber das Phenylhydroxylamin. Chem. Ber. 1894, 27: 1347 & 1548–1557 [2008-09-13]. doi:10.1002/cber.18940270276. (原始内容存档于2020-10-07).
- ^ Harman, R. E. Chloro-p-benzoquinone. Organic Syntheses. 1955, 35: 22 [2008-09-13]. (原始内容存档于2013-06-07). (also in the Collective Volume (1963) 4:148 (PDF) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)).
- ^ Oxley, P. W.; Adger, B. M.; Sasse, M. J.; Forth, M. A. N-Acetyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine via Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene using Hydrazine and Rhodium on Carbon. Organic Syntheses. 1989, 67: 187 [2008-09-13]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-06). (also in the Collective Volume (1993) 8:16 (PDF) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)).
- ^ Kamm, O. β-Phenylhydroxylamine. Organic Syntheses. 1925, 4: 57 [2008-09-13]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-13). (also in the Collective Volume (1941) 1:445 (PDF) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)).
- ^ Sone, Takaaki; Hamamoto, Kazuhiro; Seiji, Yoshiyuki; Shinkai, Seiji; Manabe, Osamu. Kinetics and mechanisms of the Bamberger rearrangement. Part 4. Rearrangement of sterically hindered phenylhydroxylamines to 4-aminophenols in aqueous sulphuric acid solution. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. II. 1981: 1596–1598. doi:10.1039/P29810000298.
- ^ George Kohnstam, W. Andrew Petch and D. Lyn H. Williams. Kinetic substituent and isotope effects in the acid-catalysed rearrangement of N-phenylhydroxylamines. Are nitrenium lons involved?. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. II. 1984: 423–427. doi:10.1039/P29840000423.