狼嘴龙属

狼嘴龙属; 化石时期：早侏罗纪,197 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼
	狼嘴龙下颚化石
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目：	恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目：	†鸟臀目 Ornithischia
科：	†畸齿龙科 Heterodontosauridae
属：	†狼嘴龙属 Lycorhinus; Haughton, 1924
模式种
	狭齿狼嘴龙; Lycorhinus augustidens; Haughton, 1924
异名
	羊毛龙 Lanasaurus; Gow, 1975;

狼嘴龙属（学名：Lycorhinus）又名狼鼻龙或莱克龙，是鸟臀目畸齿龙科恐龙的一属，化石发现于南非开普省的艾略特组（Elliot Formation）上层，地质年代属于侏罗纪早期的赫唐阶到锡内穆阶。

正模标本（编号SAM 3606）是由M. Ricono博士所发现，化石包含了齿骨及上颌骨。在1924年，Sidney Haughton替这些化石命名为狭齿狼嘴龙（Lycorhinus augustidens）。属名意为“狼的鼻端”，意指其外形类似狼；种名意为“狭隘的牙齿”。因为拥有类似犬齿的牙齿，最初被误会属于犬齿兽亚目，但它们的下颌是由多块骨头组成，证明它们是一种爬行动物^[1]。

过去有三个种被归类于狼嘴龙，例如罗伯特·布鲁姆（Robert Broom）命名的L. parvidens；而Richard A. Thulborn在1970年将塔克畸齿龙改归类于狼嘴龙的一种^[2]，但这两种并没有被广泛接受^[3]。Richard A. Thulborn在1974年命名的伴侣狼嘴龙（L. consors），在隔年被詹姆斯·霍普森（James Hopson）建立为醒龙属^[4]。

在1975年命名的羊毛龙（Lanasaurus），是一个颌部骨头^[5]，被认为是狼嘴龙的异名^[6]。它们是小型的草食性恐龙，身长约1.2公尺，大小接近畸齿龙，并拥有长的犬齿。研究人员根据羊毛龙的特征，间接发现狼鼻龙是畸齿龙的近亲。在1962年，Alfred Walter Crompton提出它们属于鸟臀目恐龙。Richard A. Thulborn曾在1971年建立狼嘴龙科（Lycorhinidae）^[7]，彼得·加尔东（Peter Galton）提出狼嘴龙科的范围与畸齿龙科相同。

羊毛龙

在1975年，Christopher Gow将发现于相同地层的化石，命名为凿齿羊毛龙（Lanasaurus scalpridens）。属名意为“羊毛蜥蜴”，是以古生物学家Alfred Walter Crompton的羊毛状胡须为名；种名在拉丁文意为“凿子牙齿”。正模标本（编号BP/1/4244）包含：部份下颌骨头、上颌骨，发现于自由邦省的艾略特组。每第三颗牙齿是新生长牙齿，呈现出牙齿会生长、替换的迹象^[8]。

Christopher Gow本人之后提出，羊毛龙的化石其实只是狼嘴龙的一个标本^[9]。目前包含大卫·诺曼（David Norman）在内的许多科学家，也认同两者是相同动物^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]。

参考资料

^ S. H. Haughton. The fauna and stratigraphy of the Stormberg Series. Annals of the South African Museum. 1924, 12: 323–497.
^ R.A. Thulborn, 1970, "The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 49: 235-245
^ Charig, A.J. and Crompton, A.W., 1974, "The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus", Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167-89
^ J.A. Hopson, 1975, "On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa", South African Journal of Science 71: 302-305
^ Gow, Christopher E. A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 1975, 57: 335–339.
^ D. B. Norman, H.-D. Sues, L. M. Witmer and R. A. Coria. Basal Ornithopoda. D. B. Weishampel, H. Osmólska, and P. Dodson (eds.) (编). The Dinosauria 2nd edition. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2004: 393–412.
^ R.A. Thulborn, 1971, "Origins and evolution of ornithischian dinosaurs", Nature 234(5324): 75-78
^ C.E. Gow, 1975, "A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 57: 335-339
^ Gow, C.E., 1990, "A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)", Annals of the South African Museum 99: 367–380
^ Norman, D.B., Sues, H.D., Witmer, L.M. and Coria, R.A.. (2004). "Basal Ornithopoda". In D. B. Weishampel, H. Osmólska, and P. Dodson (eds.), The Dinosauria (2nd edition). University of California Press, Berkeley 393-412
^ Butler, Richard J.; Galton, Peter M.; Porro, Laura B.; Chiappe, Luis M.; Henderson, D. M.; and Erickson, Gregory M. Lower limits of ornithischian dinosaur body size inferred from a new Upper Jurassic heterodontosaurid from North America (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2010, 277 (1680): 375–381. PMC 2842649 . PMID 19846460. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1494.
^ Pol, D.; Rauhut, O.W.M.; and Becerra, M. A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids. Naturwissenschaften. 2011, 98 (5): 369–379. PMID 21452054. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0780-5. ^{[永久失效链接]}
^ Richard J. Butler, Jin Liyong, Chen Jun, Pascal Godefroit. The postcranial osteology and phylogenetic position of the small ornithischian dinosaur Changchunsaurus parvus from the Quantou Formation (Cretaceous: Aptian–Cenomanian) of Jilin Province, north-eastern China. Palaeontology. 2011, 54 (3): 667–683. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01046.x.

外部链接

Lycorhinus at DinoData （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Lycorhinus at Dinosauria.com

[sh1924-1] S. H. Haughton. The fauna and stratigraphy of the Stormberg Series. Annals of the South African Museum. 1924, 12: 323–497.

[2] R.A. Thulborn, 1970, "The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 49: 235-245

[3] Charig, A.J. and Crompton, A.W., 1974, "The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus", Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167-89

[4] J.A. Hopson, 1975, "On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa", South African Journal of Science 71: 302-305

[gow1975-5] Gow, Christopher E. A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 1975, 57: 335–339.

[dn2004-6] D. B. Norman, H.-D. Sues, L. M. Witmer and R. A. Coria. Basal Ornithopoda. D. B. Weishampel, H. Osmólska, and P. Dodson (eds.) (编). The Dinosauria 2nd edition. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2004: 393–412.

[7] R.A. Thulborn, 1971, "Origins and evolution of ornithischian dinosaurs", Nature 234(5324): 75-78

[8] C.E. Gow, 1975, "A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 57: 335-339

[9] Gow, C.E., 1990, "A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)", Annals of the South African Museum 99: 367–380

[Dinosauria-10] Norman, D.B., Sues, H.D., Witmer, L.M. and Coria, R.A.. (2004). "Basal Ornithopoda". In D. B. Weishampel, H. Osmólska, and P. Dodson (eds.), The Dinosauria (2nd edition). University of California Press, Berkeley 393-412

[RJBetal10-11] Butler, Richard J.; Galton, Peter M.; Porro, Laura B.; Chiappe, Luis M.; Henderson, D. M.; and Erickson, Gregory M. Lower limits of ornithischian dinosaur body size inferred from a new Upper Jurassic heterodontosaurid from North America (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2010, 277 (1680): 375–381. PMC 2842649 . PMID 19846460. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1494.

[PRB11-12] Pol, D.; Rauhut, O.W.M.; and Becerra, M. A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids. Naturwissenschaften. 2011, 98 (5): 369–379. PMID 21452054. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0780-5. ^{[永久失效链接]}

[ButlerEtAl-13] Richard J. Butler, Jin Liyong, Chen Jun, Pascal Godefroit. The postcranial osteology and phylogenetic position of the small ornithischian dinosaur Changchunsaurus parvus from the Quantou Formation (Cretaceous: Aptian–Cenomanian) of Jilin Province, north-eastern China. Palaeontology. 2011, 54 (3): 667–683. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01046.x.

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