比尔哈凯姆战役
比尔哈凯姆战役 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第二次世界大战北非战场中加查拉战役的一部分 | |||||||
带著Kepi帽的法国士兵从沙漠中冲向敌军阵地 | |||||||
| |||||||
参战方 | |||||||
自由法国 英国 (空中支援) |
意大利 德国 | ||||||
指挥官与领导者 | |||||||
马里·柯尼希 德米特里·阿米拉瓦里 | 隆美尔 | ||||||
兵力 | |||||||
3,703人 | 45,000人[1] | ||||||
伤亡与损失 | |||||||
141人死亡[2][3] 229人受伤[2][3] 814人被俘[2][3] 53门大炮 50辆车 110架飞机 |
3,300人伤亡 845人被俘 164辆车 49架飞机 | ||||||
“一粒沙子卡住了轴心国的攻势,使他们在阿拉曼失败:这粒沙子叫比尔—哈凯姆。” |
比尔哈凯姆战役(法语:Bataille de Bir Hakeim),发生于第二次世界大战北非战场,法国陆军准将马里-皮埃尔·柯尼希指挥的自由法国军团第一旅成功阻击德国陆军上将埃尔温·隆美尔的攻势。
比尔哈凯姆是一个在利比亚沙漠里的绿洲。自由法国第一旅在马里-皮埃尔·柯尼希将军的率领下,在此阻击隆美尔麾下的轴心国军队。经过16天苦战,法军为在加查拉战役战败的同盟国争取了足够的时间来重整部队,使同盟国能在第一次阿拉曼战役中击败轴心国军队。
注脚
- ^ Grant 2017,第833页.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Buell 2002,第169页.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ford 2008,第64页.
参考文献
- Bimberg, Edward L. Tricolor over the Sahara. Contributions in Military Studies. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-313-31654-8.
|number=
被忽略 (帮助) - Boillot, Félix François. Bir Hakeim: 26 mai – 10 juin, 1942 [Bir Hakeim: 26 May – 10 June 1942] 2nd, rev. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. 1945. OCLC 11585533.
- Buell, Thomas B.; Bradley, John N.; Griess, Thomas E.; Dice, Jack W.; Bradley, John H. The Second World War: Europe and the Mediterranean. The West Point Military History Series. New York: Square One. 2002. ISBN 978-0-7570-0160-4.
- Carver, M. Tobruk Pan Books. London: Batsford. 1964. ISBN 978-0-330-23376-7.
- Grant, R. G. 1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History. Chartwell Books. 2017 [2022-09-10]. ISBN 978-0785835530. (原始内容存档于2022-10-01).
- Carver, M. Dilemmas of the Desert War: The Libyan Campaign 1940–1942 Spellmount. Staplehurst: Batsford. 2002 [1986]. ISBN 978-1-86227-153-1.
- Creveld, M. van. Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1977. ISBN 978-0-521-29793-6.
- De Gaulle, Charles. Guyard, Marius-François; Barré, Jean-Luc , 编. Mémoires de guerre [War Memoirs]. Bib. La Pléiade. Paris: Gallimard. 2000 [1954]. ISBN 978-2-07011-583-9 (法语).
- Forczyk, Robert. Case Red: The Collapse of France, 1940. Oxford. 2017. ISBN 978-1-4728-2442-4.
- Ford, Ken. Gazala 1942: Rommel's Greatest Victory. Oxford: Osprey. 2008. ISBN 978-1-84603-264-6.
- Greene, Jack; Massignani, Alessandro. Rommel's North Africa Campaign: September 1940 – November 1942. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo. 1999 [1994]. ISBN 978-1-58097-018-1.
- Hinsley, H. British Intelligence in the Second World War (abridged). History of the Second World War 2nd rev. London: HMSO. 1994 [1993]. ISBN 978-0-11-630961-7.
- Latimer, Jon. Alamein. London: John Murray. 2003 [2002]. ISBN 978-0-7195-6213-6.
- LePage, Jean-Denis G. G. The French Foreign Legion: An Illustrated History. Jefferson, NC: McFarlane. 2008. ISBN 978-0-7864-3239-4.
- Montanari, Mario. El Alamein (gennaio – novembre 1942) [El Alamein (January–November 1942)]. Le operazioni in Africa Settentrionale III 2nd. Roma: Stato Maggiore dell'esercito, Ufficio Storico, SME. 1993. OCLC 313319483.
- Mellenthin, Friedrich von, Panzer Battles: A Study of the Employment of Armor in the Second World War, New York: Ballantine Books, 1971 [1956], ISBN 0-345-24440-0
- Neillands, R. The Desert Rats: 7th Armoured Division 1940–45 Aurum Press. London: Widenfeld & Nicolson. 2005 [1991]. ISBN 978-1-84513-115-9.
- Palermo, Michele. Eagles over Gazala: Air Battles in North Africa, May–June 1942. Roma: IBN Editore. 2014. ISBN 978-88-7565-168-8.
- Pitt, B. The Crucible of War: Auchinleck's Command II. London: Cassell. 2001 [1980]. ISBN 978-0-304-35951-6.