最遥远的天体列表
最遥远的天体列表列出目前为止人类发现距离地球最遥远的天体。
红移增加的比例与距离成正比,遥远天体的红移远大于那些邻近星系。测量非常遥远的天体距离相当困难,也容易出错。
著名的遥远天体
天体名称 | 红移 (z) |
光年§ (10亿光年)[1] |
类型 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|
HD1 | z = 13.27 | 13.5 | 星系 | 仍未证实性质[2][3] |
GN-z11 | z=11.09 | 13.39 | 星系 | 星系[4] |
EGSY8p7 | z=8.68 | 13.23 | 星系 | 星系[5] |
GRB 090429B | z=9.4 | 13.14 | 伽玛射线暴 | [6][7] |
EGS-zs8-1 | z=7.73 | 13.13 | 星系 | 星系[8] |
z7 GSD 3811 | z=7.66 | 13.11 | 星系 | 星系[9] |
z8 GND 5296 | z=7.51 | 13.10 | 星系 | 星系[10][11] |
A1689-zD1 | z=7.5 | 13.10 | 星系 | 星系[12] |
SXDF-NB1006-2 | z=7.215 | 13.07 | 星系 | 星系[13][14] |
GN-108036 | z=7.213 | 13.07 | 星系 | 星系[14][15] |
BDF-3299 | z=7.109 | 13.05 | 星系 | [16] |
ULAS J1120+0641 | z=7.085 | 13.05 | 类星体 | [17] |
A1703 zD6 | z=7.045 | 13.04 | 星系 | [14] |
BDF-521 | z=7.008 | 13.04 | 星系 | [16] |
G2-1408 | z=6.972 | 13.03 | 星系 | [14][18] |
IOK-1 | z=6.964 | 13.03 | 星系 | [14][19]莱曼α发射体[20] |
LAE J095950.99+021219.1 | z=6.944 | 13.03 | 星系 | 莱曼α发射体[21] |
截至2012年[update],可能有50个天体的红移超过8,100个天体的红移超过7[22]
天体名称 | 红移 (z) |
光年§ (10亿光年)[1] |
类型 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|
UDFj-39546284 | zp≅11.9? | 13.37 | 原星系 | 可能是原星系[23][24][25][26]虽然最近研究显示红移可能较低[27][28] |
MACS0647-JD | zp≅10.7 | 13.3 | 星系 | 可能是最遥远的星系[29][30] |
A2744-JD | zp≅9.8 | 13.2 | 星系 | [31][32] |
MACS 1149-JD | zp≅9.6 | 13.2[33] | 原星系或星系 | [34] |
GRB 090429B | zp≅9.4 | 13.14[35] | 伽玛射线暴 | 红移数值有相当大不确定性[36] |
UDFy-33436598 | zp≅8.6 | 13.1 | 原星系或星系 | [37] |
UDFy-38135539 | zp≅8.6 | 13.1 | 原星系或星系 | 2010年研究显示其红移只有8.55[38]后来被证实数值错误[39] |
BoRG-58 | zp≅8 | 13 | 原星系或原星团 | 可能是原星团[40] |
参考资料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Light travel distance was calculated from redshift value using cosmological calculator (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), with parameters values as of 2015: H0=67.74 and OmegaM=0.3089 (see table in Lambda-CDM model article).
- ^ Pacussi, Fabio; et al. Are the newly-discovered z ∼ 13 drop-out sources starburst galaxies or quasars?. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 7 April 2022 [7 April 2022]. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slac035. (原始内容存档于2022-05-03).
- ^ Harikane, Yuichi; et al. A Search for H-Dropout Lyman Break Galaxies at z~12-16. 2 February 2022. arXiv:2112.09141 [astro-ph.GA].
- ^ Oesch, P. A.; Brammer, G.; Dokkum, P. G. van; Illingworth, G. D.; Bouwens, R. J.; Labbé, I.; Franx, M.; Momcheva, I.; Ashby, M. L. N. A REMARKABLY LUMINOUS GALAXY AT Z = 11.1 MEASURED WITH HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE GRISM SPECTROSCOPY. The Astrophysical Journal. 2016-03-08, 819 (2): 129 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 1538-4357. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/819/2/129. (原始内容存档于2021-11-06).
- ^ Zitrin, Adi; Labbé, Ivo; Belli, Sirio; Bouwens, Rychard; Ellis, Richard S.; Roberts-Borsani, Guido; Stark, Daniel P.; Oesch, Pascal A.; Smit, Renske. Ly α EMISSION FROM A LUMINOUS z = 8.68 GALAXY: IMPLICATIONS FOR GALAXIES AS TRACERS OF COSMIC REIONIZATION. The Astrophysical Journal. 2015-08-28, 810 (1): L12 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 2041-8213. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/810/1/L12. (原始内容存档于2021-10-19).
- ^ New Gamma-Ray Burst Smashes Cosmic Distance Record | Science Mission Directorate. science.nasa.gov. [2020-09-01]. (原始内容存档于2011-03-10).
- ^ Tanvir, N. R.; Fox, D. B.; Levan, A. J.; Berger, E.; Wiersema, K.; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Cucchiara, A.; Krühler, T.; Gehrels, N. A γ-ray burst at a redshift of z ≈ 8.2. Nature. 2009-10, 461 (7268): 1254–1257 [2021-08-30]. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature08459. (原始内容存档于2021-10-19) (英语).
- ^ Oesch, P. A.; Dokkum, P. G. van; Illingworth, G. D.; Bouwens, R. J.; Momcheva, I.; Holden, B.; Roberts-Borsani, G. W.; Smit, R.; Franx, M. A SPECTROSCOPIC REDSHIFT MEASUREMENT FOR A LUMINOUS LYMAN BREAK GALAXY AT z = 7.730 USING KECK/MOSFIRE. The Astrophysical Journal. 2015-05-05, 804 (2): L30 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 2041-8213. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/804/2/L30. (原始内容存档于2021-10-19).
- ^ Song, Mimi; Finkelstein, Steven L.; Livermore, Rachael C.; Capak, Peter L.; Dickinson, Mark; Fontana, Adriano. KECK/MOSFIRE SPECTROSCOPY OF z = 7–8 GALAXIES: Ly α EMISSION FROM A GALAXY AT z = 7.66. The Astrophysical Journal. 2016-07-26, 826 (2): 113 [2021-08-31]. Bibcode:2016arXiv160202160S. ISSN 1538-4357. arXiv:1602.02160 . doi:10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/113. (原始内容存档于2021-10-19).
- ^ Finkelstein, S. L.; Papovich, C.; Dickinson, M.; Song, M.; Tilvi, V.; Koekemoer, A. M.; Finkelstein, K. D.; Mobasher, B.; Ferguson, H. C. A galaxy rapidly forming stars 700 million years after the Big Bang at redshift 7.51. Nature. 2013-10, 502 (7472): 524–527 [2021-08-31]. Bibcode:2013Natur.502..524F. ISSN 0028-0836. arXiv:1310.6031 . doi:10.1038/nature12657. (原始内容存档于2021-11-17) (英语).
- ^ New galaxy 'most distant' yet discovered. BBC News. 2013-10-23 [2021-08-31]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-22) (英国英语).
- ^ Watson, Darach; Christensen, Lise; Knudsen, Kirsten Kraiberg; Richard, Johan; Gallazzi, Anna; Michałowski, Michał Jerzy. A dusty, normal galaxy in the epoch of reionization. Nature: 327–330. Bibcode:2015Natur.519..327W. arXiv:1503.00002 . doi:10.1038/nature14164.
- ^ SXDF-NB1006-2 – Thirty Meter Telescope. (原始内容存档于2013-05-24).
- ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Press Release. subarutelescope.org. [2016-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2017-04-15).
- ^ NASA - NASA Telescopes Help Find Rare Galaxy at Dawn of Time. www.nasa.gov. [2020-09-01]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-09) (英语).
- ^ 16.0 16.1 Vanzella, E.; Pentericci, L.; Fontana, A.; Grazian, A.; Castellano, M.; Boutsia, K.; Cristiani, S.; Dickinson, M.; Gallozzi, S. SPECTROSCOPIC CONFIRMATION OF TWO LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES AT REDSHIFT BEYOND 7. The Astrophysical Journal. 2011-04-01, 730 (2): L35 [2021-08-31]. Bibcode:2011ApJ...730L..35V. ISSN 2041-8205. arXiv:1011.5500 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/730/2/L35. (原始内容存档于2021-08-31).
- ^ Matson, John. Brilliant, but Distant: Most Far-Flung Known Quasar Offers Glimpse into Early Universe. Scientific American. [2020-09-01]. (原始内容存档于2013-11-03) (英语).
- ^ Fontana, A.; Vanzella, E.; Pentericci, L.; Castellano, M.; Giavalisco, M.; Grazian, A.; Boutsia, K.; Cristiani, S.; Dickinson, M. THE LACK OF INTENSE Lyα IN ULTRADEEP SPECTRA OF z = 7 CANDIDATES IN GOODS-S: IMPRINT OF REIONIZATION?. The Astrophysical Journal. 2010-12-20, 725 (2): L205–L209 [2021-08-31]. Bibcode:2010ApJ...725L.205F. ISSN 2041-8205. arXiv:1010.2754 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/725/2/L205. (原始内容存档于2021-10-19).
- ^ Hogan, Jenny. Journey to the birth of the Universe. Nature. 2006-09, 443 (7108): 128–129 [2021-08-31]. Bibcode:2006Natur.443..128H. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16971914. doi:10.1038/443128a. (原始内容存档于2021-08-10) (英语).
- ^ Ono, Yoshiaki; Ouchi, Masami; Mobasher, Bahram; Dickinson, Mark; Penner, Kyle; Shimasaku, Kazuhiro; Weiner, Benjamin J.; Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.; Nakajima, Kimihiko. SPECTROSCOPIC CONFIRMATION OF THREE z -DROPOUT GALAXIES AT z = 6.844-7.213: DEMOGRAPHICS OF Lyα EMISSION IN z ∼ 7 GALAXIES. The Astrophysical Journal. 2012-01-10, 744 (2): 83 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/744/2/83. (原始内容存档于2021-10-19).
- ^ Rhoads, James E.; Hibon, Pascale; Malhotra, Sangeeta; Cooper, Michael; Weiner, Benjamin. A Lyα GALAXY AT REDSHIFT z = 6.944 IN THE COSMOS FIELD. The Astrophysical Journal. 2012-06-20, 752 (2): L28 [2021-08-31]. Bibcode:2012AAS...21924631H. ISSN 2041-8205. arXiv:1205.3161 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/752/2/L28. (原始内容存档于2021-10-20).
- ^ Garth Illingworth; Rychard Bouwens; Pascal Oesch; Ivo Labbe; Dan Magee. Our Latest Results. FirstGalaxies. December 2012 [March 10, 2016]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-17).
- ^ December 2012, Mike Wall 12. Ancient Galaxy May Be Most Distant Ever Seen. Space.com. [2020-08-31]. (原始内容存档于2017-08-22) (英语).
- ^ NASA - NASA's Hubble Finds Most Distant Galaxy Candidate Ever Seen in Universe. www.nasa.gov. [2020-08-31]. (原始内容存档于2012-07-02) (英语).
- ^ [email protected]. Hubble finds a new contender for galaxy distance record. www.spacetelescope.org. [2020-08-31]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-30) (英语).
- ^ NASA's Hubble Finds Most Distant Galaxy Candidate Ever Seen in Universe. HubbleSite.org. [2020-08-31] (英语).
- ^ Brammer, Gabriel B.; van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Illingworth, Garth D.; Bouwens, Rychard J.; Labbé, Ivo; Franx, Marijn; Momcheva, Ivelina; Oesch, Pascal A. A TENTATIVE DETECTION OF AN EMISSION LINE AT 1.6 μm FOR THE z ∼ 12 CANDIDATE UDFj-39546284. The Astrophysical Journal. 2013-02-11, 765 (1): L2 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 2041-8205. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/765/1/L2. (原始内容存档于2021-10-19).
- ^ Bouwens, R. J.; Oesch, P. A.; Illingworth, G. D.; Labbé, I.; van Dokkum, P. G.; Brammer, G.; Magee, D.; Spitler, L. R.; Franx, M. PHOTOMETRIC CONSTRAINTS ON THE REDSHIFT OF z ∼ 10 CANDIDATE UDFj-39546284 FROM DEEPER WFC3/IR+ACS+IRAC OBSERVATIONS OVER THE HUDF. The Astrophysical Journal. 2013-02-15, 765 (1): L16 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 2041-8205. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/765/1/L16. (原始内容存档于2021-10-22).
- ^ [email protected]. Hubble spots three magnified views of most distant known galaxy. www.spacetelescope.org. [2020-09-01]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-04) (英语).
- ^ CLASH: Three Strongly Lensed Images of a Candidate z ~ 11 Galaxy | BibSonomy. www.bibsonomy.org. [2020-09-01]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-12).
- ^ Hubble Finds Distant Galaxy Through Cosmic Magnifying Glass. NASA. [2016-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-12).
- ^ Zitrin, Adi; Zheng, Wei; Broadhurst, Tom; Moustakas, John; Lam, Daniel; Shu, Xinwen; Huang, Xingxing; Diego, Jose M.; Ford, Holland. A GEOMETRICALLY SUPPORTED z ∼ 10 CANDIDATE MULTIPLY IMAGED BY THE HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELDS CLUSTER A2744. The Astrophysical Journal. 2014-09-04, 793 (1): L12 [2021-08-31]. Bibcode:2014ApJ...793L..12Z. ISSN 2041-8213. arXiv:1407.3769 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/793/1/L12. (原始内容存档于2021-10-19).
- ^ NASA - NASA Telescopes Spy Ultra-Distant Galaxy. www.nasa.gov. [2020-09-01]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-17) (英语).
- ^ Zheng, Wei; Postman, Marc; Zitrin, Adi; Moustakas, John; Shu, Xinwen; Jouvel, Stephanie; Høst, Ole; Molino, Alberto; Bradley, Larry. A magnified young galaxy from about 500 million years after the Big Bang. Nature. 2012-09, 489 (7416): 406–408 [2020-08-31]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/nature11446. (原始内容存档于2021-03-20) (英语).
- ^ Penn State SCIENCE, "Cosmic Explosion is New Candidate for Most Distant Object in the Universe" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Derek. B. Fox , Barbara K. Kennedy , 25 May 2011
- ^ Explosion Helps Researcher Spot Universe's Most Distant Object. www.spacedaily.com. [2020-08-31]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-21).
- ^ ESA Science & Technology - The Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (annotated). sci.esa.int. [2020-09-01]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-31).
- ^ Shiga, David. Dim galaxy is most distant object yet found. New Scientist. [2020-09-01]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-09) (美国英语).
- ^ Bunker, Andrew J.; Caruana, Joseph; Wilkins, Stephen M.; Stanway, Elizabeth R.; Lorenzoni, Silvio; Lacy, Mark; Jarvis, Matt J.; Hickey, Samantha. VLT/XSHOOTER and Subaru/MOIRCS spectroscopy of HUDF.YD3: no evidence for Lyman alpha emission at z = 8.55. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2013-04-01, 430: 3314–3319 [2016-07-09]. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt132. (原始内容存档于2019-10-15).
- ^ Trenti, Michele; Bradley, L. D.; Stiavelli, M.; Shull, J. M.; Oesch, P.; Bouwens, R. J.; Muñoz, J. A.; Romano-Diaz, E.; Treu, T. Overdensities of Y-dropout Galaxies from the Brightest-of-Reionizing Galaxies Survey: A Candidate Protocluster at Redshift z ≈ 8. The Astrophysical Journal. 2012-02-01, 746: 55 [2020-08-31]. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/746/1/55. (原始内容存档于2017-07-08).