新兴传染病
新兴传染病（英语：Emerging infectious disease，缩写：EID）又称新发传染病，一般定义是近二十年以来，新出现在人类身上的传染病，而该疾病的发生率除了有快速增加的趋势，且在地理分布上有扩张的情况，甚至发展出新的抗药性机制等[2] ，都可以算是新兴传染病。
新兴传染病占了所有人类病原体的百分之十二[3]。新兴传染病可能是由新发现的微生物引起的，包括新的病毒品种或病毒毒株[4]（例如新型冠状病毒，埃博拉病毒，HIV）。 一些新兴传染病是从已知的病原体演变而来，就像新的流感病毒株一样。 新兴传染病也可能是由于将现有疾病传播到不同地理区域的新人群而引起的，就像西尼罗河热爆发那样。
定义
广义的新兴及再浮现传染病，其型态大致可以分成六种[4]：
- 新病原／新病症：例如爱滋病、严重急性呼吸系统综合症、中东呼吸综合症、2019冠状病毒病；
- 旧病原／新病症：例如汉他病毒；
- 旧病原／新栖地：例如在澳洲爆发的日本脑炎；
- 旧病原／新株种：例如霍乱弧菌 O1群／O139群；
- 旧病原／新宿主：例如发生人类身上的禽流感；[5]
- 旧病原／复发流行：例如在美洲爆发的登革热。
参看
参考文献
- ^ Paules, Catharine I.; Eisinger, Robert W.; Marston, Hilary D.; Fauci, Anthony S. What Recent History Has Taught Us About Responding to Emerging Infectious Disease Threats. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2017-12-05, 167 (11): 805–811 [2020-07-26]. ISSN 0003-4819. PMID 29132162. doi:10.7326/M17-2496. （原始内容存档于2020-03-26） （英语）.
- ^ Witte, W. Increasing incidence and widespread dissemination of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals in central Europe, with special reference to German hospitals.. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 1997, 3 (4): 414–22. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.1997.tb00277.x.
- ^ Taylor, L. et al. (2001). Risk factors for human disease emergence （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 356(1411):983-9.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Fauci AS. Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases: the perpetual challenge. Academic Medicine. 2005, 80 (12): 1079–85. PMID 16306276. doi:10.1097/00001888-200512000-00002.
- ^ 衞生署 衞生防護中心 - 禽流感. www.chp.gov.hk. [2020-01-30]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-27） （中文（香港））.
外部链接
- Emerging Diseases in a changing European eNvironment (EDEN)- Integrated Project of the European Commission （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Lashley FR. Emerging infectious diseases: vulnerabilities, contributing factors and approaches. Expert review of anti-infective therapy. 2004, 2 (2): 299–316. PMID 15482195. doi:10.1586/14787210.2.2.299.
- Singer MC, Erickson PI, Badiane L, Diaz R, Ortiz D, Abraham T, Nicolaysen AM. Syndemics, sex and the city: understanding sexually transmitted diseases in social and cultural context. Social Science & Medicine. 2006, 63 (8): 2010–2021. PMID 16782250. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.05.012.
- Koh, Y, Hegney, D., Drury V. (2010). A comprehensive systematic review of the nurses’ perceptions of risk from exposure to emerging acute respiratory infectious diseases and the effectiveness of strategies used to facilitate healthy coping in acute hospital and community health care settings. JBI Library of Systematic Reviews. 8 (23): 917-971.
- Laegreid, W.W.,Impacts of Emerging Infectious Disease Research on International Security Policy, ACDIS International Security Policy Brief no. 1 (April 2008), Program in Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security (ACDIS) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.