寡突胶质细胞

寡突胶质细胞（Oligodendrocyte），也称少突胶质细胞是一种神经胶质细胞，最早由西班牙医学家皮奥·戴尔·里奥·霍尔特加（英语：Pío del Río Hortega）于1921年报导^[1]。寡突胶质细胞的主要功能是在中枢神经系统中，为神经元的轴突提供保护和支持。寡突胶质细胞的细胞质突起部会与轴突结合，并将之包裹，同时可分泌髓磷脂，形成保护轴突的髓鞘（myelin sheath）结构，其功能与外周神经系统的施旺细胞相似^[2]。根据统计，一个寡突胶质细胞大约可以和50个轴突结合^[3]。从发育上说，寡突胶质细胞分化自寡突胶质细胞祖细胞（英语：Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell）（Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell），在人胚胎发育中是中枢神经细胞中最晚出现的一种细胞^[4]^[5]。

参见

施旺细胞

参考

^ Gill, AS; DK Binder. Wilder Penfield, Pío del Río-Hortega, and the discovery of oligodendroglia. Neurosurgery. May 2007, 60 (5): discussion 940–8. PMID 17460531. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000255448.97730.34.
^ Fields, Douglas. White Matter Matters. Scientific American. 18 February 2008, 298 (March 2008): 54–61 [2012-04-29]. Bibcode:2008SciAm.298c..54D. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0308-54. （原始内容存档于2013-11-01）.
^ Baumann, Nicole; Pham-Dinh, Danielle. Biology of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin in the Mammalian Central Nervous System. Physiological Reviews. 2001-04-01, 81 (2): 871–927 [2018-06-26]. ISSN 0031-9333. PMID 11274346. doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.871. （原始内容存档于2017-12-06）（英语）.
^ Thomas, JL; Spassky, N; Perez Villegas, EM; Olivier, C; Cobos, I; Goujet-Zalc, C; Martínez, S; Zalc, B. Spatiotemporal development of oligodendrocytes in the embryonic brain. Journal of Neuroscience Research. Feb 15, 2000, 59 (4): 471–6. PMID 10679785. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000215)59:4<471::AID-JNR1>3.0.CO;2-3.
^ Cameron-Curry, Patrizia; Le Douarin, Nicole M. Oligodendrocyte precursors originate from both the dorsal and the ventral parts of the spinal cord. Neuron. December 1995, 15 (6): 1299–1310. PMID 8845154. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90009-8.

[gill-1] Gill, AS; DK Binder. Wilder Penfield, Pío del Río-Hortega, and the discovery of oligodendroglia. Neurosurgery. May 2007, 60 (5): discussion 940–8. PMID 17460531. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000255448.97730.34.

[2] Fields, Douglas. White Matter Matters. Scientific American. 18 February 2008, 298 (March 2008): 54–61 [2012-04-29]. Bibcode:2008SciAm.298c..54D. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0308-54. （原始内容存档于2013-11-01）.

[3] Baumann, Nicole; Pham-Dinh, Danielle. Biology of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin in the Mammalian Central Nervous System. Physiological Reviews. 2001-04-01, 81 (2): 871–927 [2018-06-26]. ISSN 0031-9333. PMID 11274346. doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.871. （原始内容存档于2017-12-06）（英语）.

[4] Thomas, JL; Spassky, N; Perez Villegas, EM; Olivier, C; Cobos, I; Goujet-Zalc, C; Martínez, S; Zalc, B. Spatiotemporal development of oligodendrocytes in the embryonic brain. Journal of Neuroscience Research. Feb 15, 2000, 59 (4): 471–6. PMID 10679785. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000215)59:4<471::AID-JNR1>3.0.CO;2-3.

[5] Cameron-Curry, Patrizia; Le Douarin, Nicole M. Oligodendrocyte precursors originate from both the dorsal and the ventral parts of the spinal cord. Neuron. December 1995, 15 (6): 1299–1310. PMID 8845154. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90009-8.

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