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用户:Min968/Zhu Biao

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在本文中，姓氏是“Zhu”。
Zhu Biao
Template:Langn
Crown Prince of the Ming dynasty
Tenure1368–1392
继任Zhu Yunwen (as Hongwu Emperor's Imperial Grandson-heir)
Zhu Wenkui (as Jianwen Emperor's crown prince)
出生10 October 1355
逝世1392年5月17日(1392岁—05—17)（36岁）
安葬
Dong Mausoleum, Purple Mountain, Nanjing
Consorts
  • Empress Xiaokang
    （1371年结婚—1378年结束）
  • Lady Lü（1392年结束）
子嗣
详情		Jianwen Emperor
全名
Zhu Biao (Template:Zhi)
谥号
Crown Prince Yiwen[a] (Template:Zhi)
Emperor Xiaokang[b] (Template:Zhi)
庙号
Xingzong (Template:Zhi)
王朝Zhu
父亲Hongwu Emperor
母亲Empress Xiaocigao
汉语名称
繁体字 朱標
简化字 朱标

Zhu Biao (10 October 1355 – 17 May 1392) was the eldest son of the Hongwu Emperor, the founder of the Ming dynasty. Upon the establishment of the Ming dynasty in 1368, Zhu Biao was appointed as crown prince. In order to prepare for his future reign, he received a comprehensive Confucian education. However, he died at the young age of thirty-eight in 1392, during his father's lifetime. He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, Zhu Yunwen, who ascended the throne six years later as the Jianwen Emperor.

Zhu Biao was born in Taiping (present-day Anhui), the seat of Zhu Yuanzhang at the time, and was his first son. In 1364, when his father declared himself King of Wu, he named Zhu Biao as his heir. After Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor of the Ming dynasty, Zhu Biao was given the title of crown prince (Template:Zhi, huang taizi). He received an intensive education in Confucian teachings under the guidance of Song Lian and grew up to be an educated and humane politician, similar in these qualities to his mother.[1] From 1377, he actively participated in the emperor's meetings with ministers and played a role in the day-to-day management of the state.[1]

Zhu Biao's first wife was the daughter of Chang Yuchun. They married in 1371 and had two sons, Zhu Xiongying (1374–1382) and Zhu Yuntong (1377–1417).[1] His second wife was the daughter of Lü Ben (Template:Zhi; d. 1382), a Yuan official who had joined Zhu Yuanzhang early in his rise. They had three sons, Zhu Yunwen (the Jianwen Emperor), Zhu Yunjian (d. 1402), and Zhu Yunxi (1391–1406).[1]

In September 1391, Zhu Biao was sent to inspect the province of Shaanxi with the task of considering moving the capital to Chang'an (present-day Xi'an).[1] He returned from his journey at the end of the year, but before any measures could be taken, he fell ill in January 1392 and died a few months later.[1] He was buried in a mausoleum at the foot of Zhong Mountain on the outskirts of Nanjing.

After his death, his eldest son Zhu Yunwen became the crown prince and posthumously named him emperor after ascending the throne. However, the third Ming emperor, the Yongle Emperor, overthrew the Jianwen Emperor and abolished the imperial status of Zhu Biao.[2][1] It wasn't until two centuries later, in 1644, that Zhu Biao was once again posthumously promoted to emperor.[3][c]

Generation poem

After his first son, Zhu Xiongying, Zhu Biao followed the practice of including a generation name into the personal names of his other children. The names followed a generation poem:[4]

Template:Zhi

This poem was intended to govern the first character of the personal names of the next twenty emperors of the Ming dynasty. However, only the first two were officially used. After the usurpation of the Prince of Yan, the Jianwen Emperor was said to have died in a fire. His surviving children were either killed or kept in isolation to prevent rivals from taking the throne. Similarly, the younger sons of Zhu Biao were also kept under house arrest or killed. However, during the Republic of China, politician Wang Pixu (Template:Zhi) wrote a county chronicle for Laiyang, in which he recorded that Zhu Yuntong had many descendants there through his son Zhu Wenkun (Template:Zhi).[5]

Family

Painting of Zhu Biao and his mother, Empress Ma

Consorts and Issue:

Ancestry

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zhu Chuyi
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zhu Shizhen (1281–1344)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Empress Yu
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hongwu Emperor (1328–1398)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lord Chen (1235–1334)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Empress Chun (1286–1344)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zhu Biao (1355–1392)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lord Ma
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Empress Xiaocigao (1332–1382)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lady Zheng
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Notes

  1. ^ Conferred by the Hongwu Emperor; restored by the Yongle Emperor.
  2. ^ Changed by the Jianwen Emperor; restored by the Hongguang Emperor.
  3. ^ According to Frederick W. Mote in the Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368–1644, Zhu Biao was restored to imperial rank in 1595.[1]

References

Citations

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Goodrich & Fang (1976)，第346–347页.
  2. ^ Zhang (1739)，vol. 115.
  3. ^ Qian (2016)，vol. 7.
  4. ^ 明宗室世系命名 [Generation Names of the Ming Imperial Clan] （中文）. 
  5. ^ Laiyang Xian zhi 萊陽縣誌 [Records of Laiyang County]. 

Works cited

  • Zhang, Tingyu. Ming Shi 明史 [History of Ming]. 1739. 
  • Goodrich, L. Carington; Fang, Chaoying. Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368-1644. New York: Columbia University Press. 1976. ISBN 0-231-03801-1. 
  • Qian, Haiyue. Nan Ming Shi 南明史 [History of the Southern Ming]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book. 2016. ISBN 9787101044294 （中文）. 


Category:1355 births Category:1392 deaths Category:Ming dynasty imperial princes Category:Yongle Emperor Category:Burials in Nanjing Category:Heirs apparent who never acceded Category:Sons of emperors

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