豆螺属
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豆螺属
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| Bithynia tentaculata | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 软体动物门 Mollusca |
| 纲： | 腹足纲 Gastropoda |
| 演化支： | 后生腹足类 Apogastropoda |
| 亚纲： | 新进腹足亚纲 Caenogastropoda |
| 目： | 玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha |
| 总科： | 截螺总科 Truncatelloidea |
| 科： | 沼螺科 Bithyniidae |
| 属： | 豆螺属 Bithynia Leach, 1818[1] |
| 模式种 | |
| Helix tentaculata Linnaeus, 1758 | |
| 物种 | |
| 异名[2] | |
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豆螺属（学名：Bithynia），旧亦作沼螺属，是一种沼螺科的淡水螺腹足纲软体动物的属。如同其他旧属前鳃亚纲的物种那样，本属物种都使用鳃呼吸，而且其壳口都有螺厣[2]。
从取自埃及的豆螺属物种，我们知道其二倍体的染色体数目是2n = 32[3]。
分布及多样性
位于阿尔巴尼亚与黑山边境上的斯库台湖是豆螺属物种的多样性最丰富的地区：有五个物种，被认为是豆螺属物种演化的生物多样性热点[4]。
物种
Glöer (2002)[5]:190-194只承认Bithynia、Codiella、Neumayria及Parafossarulus这四个欧洲物种的亚属。他亦把两个旧属沼螺属（Parafossarulus）的已灭绝物种到Bithynia亚属，因为Parafossarulus属一般只接受亚洲物种[5]。除了Parafossarulus属，Digoniostoma也是另一个亚洲物种的亚属。
以下详列沼螺属所有物种及其所属的亚属：
- 豆螺亚属 Bithynia Leach, 1818（指名亚属）
- Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)：本属的模式种[6]
- 亚属 Codiella Locard, 1894
- Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)[6]
- Bithynia transsilvanica (Bielz, 1853)：Bithynia troschelii (Paasch 1842)是这个物种的异名[6]
- † Bithynia bavelensis Meijer, 1990
- 亚属 Digoniostoma Annandale, 1920[8]
- Bithynia funiculata Walker, 1927[9]
- Bithynia siamensis Lea, 1856[10][11][12]
- 亚属未定[13]
- Bithynia phialensis (Conrad, 1852)
- Bithynia pseudemmericia Schütt, 1964
- 亚属 ?
- † Bithynia almerai Almera, 1894
- † Bithynia berthelini Depéret, 1894
- Bithynia boissieri (Küster, 1852)[6]
- † Bithynia brusinai Halaváts, 1903
- † Bithynia budinici Brusina, 1902
- Bithynia candiota Westerlund, 1886[6]
- Bithynia canyamelensis Altaba, 2007
- Bithynia cerameopoma (Benson, 1830)
- Bithynia cettinensis Clessin, 1887
- † Bithynia clessini Brusina, 1884
- Bithynia cretensis Glöer & Maassen, 2009
- † Bithynia croatica Pilar, 1874
- † Bithynia cyclostoma (Rousseau, 1842)
- Bithynia danubialis Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
- † Bithynia dunkeri Gude, 1913
- † Bithynia erzuruma Schütt, 1991
- Bithynia forcarti Glöer & Pešić, 2012
- † Bithynia fuchsi Willmann, 1981
- 圆沼螺 Bithynia fuchsiana (Möllendorff, 1888)[11]
- Bithynia ghodaghodiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- † Bithynia giralanensis Oppenheim, 1919
- † Bithynia glabra (von Zieten, 1832)
- Bithynia graeca Westerlund, 1879[6]
- Bithynia hambergerae A. Reischütz, N. Reischütz & P. L. Reischütz, 2008
- 意大利豆螺 Bithynia italica (Paulucci, 1879)[6]
- † Bithynia jurinaci Brusina, 1884
- Bithynia kobialkai Glöer & Beckmann, 2007[14]
- † Bithynia leberonensis Fischer & Tournouër, 1873
- Bithynia lithoglyphoides (Nesemann & G. Sharma, 2007)
- 长角豆螺 Bithynia longicornis Benson - 中国[11]
- Bithynia majorcina Glöer & Rolán, 2007[15]
- Bithynia manonellesi Altaba, 2007
- † Bithynia marasinica Andrusov, 1909
- Bithynia mazandaranensis Glöer & Pešić, 2012
- † Bithynia mediocris Ludwig, 1865
- † Bithynia minor Locard, 1878
- 台湾圆沼螺 Bithynia misella (Gredler, 1884)[16]
- Bithynia montenegrina Wohlberedt, 1901
- Bithynia mostarensis Möllendorff, 1873[6]
- † Bithynia multicostata Tchernov, 1975
- Bithynia nakeae Glöer & Beckmann, 2007[14]
- Bithynia numidica Bourguignat, 1864
- Bithynia orcula Frauenfeld, 1862
- Bithynia pauli Altaba, 2007
- Bithynia pesicii Glöer & Yildirim, 2006
- Bithynia phialensis (Conrad, 1852)
- † Bithynia phrygica (Fischer in Tchihatcheff, 1866)
- † Bithynia pilari Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
- † Bithynia pisidica Oppenheim, 1919
- † Bithynia podarensis (Pană in Pană et al., 1981)
- † Bithynia pontica Gozhik, 2002
- Bithynia prespensis Hadžišče, 1963
- Bithynia prestoni Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- † Bithynia protemmericia Willmann, 1981
- Bithynia pseudemmericia Schütt, 1964
- Bithynia pulchella (Benson, 1836)
- Bithynia quintanai Glöer & Beckmann, 2007[14]
- Bithynia radomani Glöer & Pešić, 2007[6]
- Bithynia raptiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- Bithynia reharensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- Bithynia riddifordi Altaba, 2007
- † Bithynia rubella Schütt in Schütt & Besenecker, 1973
- Bithynia rubens (Menke, 1830)
- † Bithynia rumana Porumbaru, 1881
- † Bithynia sabbae Gozhik, 2002
- † Bithynia schuetti Schlickum & Strauch, 1974
- Bithynia schwabii Frauenfeld, 1865[6]
- † Bithynia sermenazensis Depéret, 1894
- Bithynia shapkarevi Glöer, Shoreva & Slavevska-Stamenković, 2015
- Bithynia sibirica Westerlund, 1886
- Bithynia sistanica (Annandale & Prashad, 1919)
- Bithynia skadarskii Glöer & Pešić, 2007[6]
- Bithynia starmuehlneri Glöer & Pešić, 2012
- Bithynia stenothyroides (Dohrn, 1857)
- Bithynia subbaraoi Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- Bithynia timmii Odabaşı & Arslan, 2015
- Bithynia transsilvanica Bielz, 1853
- † Bithynia ungeri (Rolle, 1860)
- † Bithynia veneria Fontannes, 1881
- † Bithynia verneuili (Mayer, 1856)
- † Bithynia verrii de Stefani, 1880
- Bithynia vukotinovici Brusina, 1874 †
- Bithynia walderdorffii Frauenfeld, 1865[6]
- Bithynia walkeri (Brandt, 1968)[17]
- Bithynia yildirimi Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
- Bithynia zeta Glöer & Pešić, 2007[6]
- † Bithynia zoranici Brusina, 1902
- 异名：
- Bithynia badiella (Küster, 1852)：为Pseudobithynia badiella (Küster, 1853)的异名。
- † Bithynia bengestensis Fontannes, 1887：为 † Tylopoma bengestiensis (Fontannes, 1887) 的异名。
- † Bithynia brusinai Halaváts, 1903：为 † Lithoglyphus acutus decipiens Brusina, 1885 的异名。
- † Bithynia crassitesta (Brömme, 1883)：为 † Parafossarulus crassitesta (Brömme, 1883) 的异名。
- † Bithynia curta Locard, 1893：为 † Bithynia glabra helvetica (Wenz, 1930) 的异名。
- † Bithynia gracilis Sandberger, 1875：为 † Bithynia glabra glabra (von Zieten, 1832) 的异名。
- Bithynia hamicensis Pallary, 1939：为Pseudobithynia hamicensis (Pallary, 1939)的异名。
- † Bithynia labiata Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875：为 † Neumayria labiata (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) 的异名。
- Bithynia leachi (Sheppard, 1823)：为Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)的异名。
- Bithynia majewsky Frauenfeld, 1862：为Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)的异名。
- † Bithynia margaritula Fuchs, 1870：为† Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) margaritula (Fuchs, 1870) 的异名。
- Bithynia narentana Locard, 1874 ：为Bithynia mostarensis Möllendorff, 1873的异名。
- Bithynia pentheri Sturany, 1904：为Pseudobithynia pentheri (Sturany, 1904)的异名。[18]
- Bithynia phaeacina Locard, 1887：为Pseudobithynia renei (Letourneux, 1887)的异名。
- † Bithynia podwinensis Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875：为 † Neumayria podwinensis (Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875)的异名。
- † Bithynia proxima Fuchs, 1870：为† Pseudamnicola proxima (Fuchs, 1870) 的异名。
- Bithynia saulcyi Bourguignat, 1853：为Pseudobithynia saulcyi (Bourguignat, 1853)的异名。
- † Bithynia scalaris Fuchs, 1877：为 † Bythinella megarensis Bukowski, 1896 的异名。
- † Bithynia spoliata Stefanescu, 1896：为 † Neumayria spoliata (Stefanescu, 1896) 的异名。
- Bithynia stossichiana Locard, 1894：为Pseudobithynia renei (Letourneux, 1887)的异名。
- Bithynia uzielliana Issel, 1866：为Gangetia uzielliana (Issel, 1866)的异名。
- † Bithynia vucotinovici Brusina, 1874：为 † Neumayria vukotinovici (Brusina, 1874) 的异名。
- † Bithynia vukotinovici Brusina, 1874：为 † Neumayria vukotinovici (Brusina, 1874)的异名。
参看
参考文献
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