角鸮属
角鸮属 | |
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印度领角鸮 Otus bakkamoena | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 鸟纲 Aves |
目: | 鸮形目 Strigiformes |
科: | 鸱鸮科 Strigidae |
亚科: | 鸱鸮亚科 Striginae |
族: | 角鸮族 Otini |
属: | 角鸮属 Otus Pennant, 1769 |
模式种 | |
Otus bakkamoena[1] 印度领角鸮 Pennant, 1769
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种 | |
见内文 | |
异名 | |
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角鸮属(学名:Otus),又名角枭属、角鸱属,是鸮形目鸱鸮科下的一个属。[2]本属物种广泛分布于全世界,仅欧亚大陆北方未有分布。[3]在世界鸟类学家联合会的14.1版名录中,包含绝灭种在内一共有60个物种。[2]
分类命名与历史
本属由威尔士博物学家托马斯·彭南特于1769年为其描述的印度领角鸮所建立,该物种也因此成为了本属之模式种。[1][4]属名Otus来自拉丁语的同名词,指短耳鸮,此词源自希腊语的ὦτος(罗马化:ōtos),意为“有耳朵的猫头鹰”。[5]
在英文中,本属鸟类概称“Scops owl”或“Scops-owl”。[6][7]Scops一词为希腊语的σκώψ(罗马化:skṓps)改写而来,指一类体型较小的猫头鹰,源自古希腊语有观望、守卫之意的σκοπός(罗马化:skopós)。[7]该词变为英文单词后,原用以泛指所有种类猫头鹰,但现在仅被用于指称角鸮。[6]
中文的角鸮一词,则来自属名的直接翻译:“有耳的鸮”,即“角鸮”。[3]
分类学
在生物分类学中,该属被归类于鸱鸮亚科角鸮族下,且持续有物种被新描述,是鸱鸮科下拥有最多物种的一个属。[8][3]在历史上,本属与鸣角鸮属有着亦分亦合的复杂关系,并直至近期根据叫声及分子证据才拆分为两个属。[9]:78[10]但两者的边界仍不十分清晰,并持续有物种被重新分类或分类至其他属。[2][9]本属的物种在外观上相当类似,因此角鸮带有遗传性的叫声成为了其重要的物种判别标准,如2022年的新物种普林西比角鸮即为利用声音差异拆分的物种。[11][12]:33[10]:80
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形态特征
该属物种是一些相对较小的鸮(体长仅在16—28厘米之间),大多具有可举起耳冠,以及有短而圆的翅膀的特征。[8]羽毛颜色多有褐色型与赤色型变化,也有一些物种还会有灰色型的变化,如塞浦路斯角鸮。[3][13]它们多为食虫性的鸟类,并习惯于在空中捕捉昆虫。[12]:25
下属分类
目前该属有60个物种:[2]
- 巨角鸮 Otus gurneyi (Tweeddale, 1879)
- 白额角鸮 Otus sagittatus (Cassin, 1849)
- 棕角鸮 Otus rufescens (Horsfield, 1821)
- 斯里兰卡角鸮 Otus thilohoffmanni Warakagoda & Rasmussen, 2004
- 沙色角鸮 Otus icterorhynchus (Shelley, 1873)
- 肯尼亚角鸮 Otus ireneae Ripley, 1966
- 安达曼角鸮 Otus balli (Hume, 1873)
- 弗洛角鸮 Otus alfredi (Hartert, EJO, 1897)
- 黄嘴角鸮 Otus spilocephalus (Blyth, 1846)
- 爪哇角鸮 Otus angelinae (Finsch, 1912)
- 棉兰角鸮 Otus mirus Ripley & Rabor, 1968
- 吕宋角鸮 Otus longicornis (Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)
- 民岛角鸮 Otus mindorensis (Whitehead, J, 1899)
- 托罗卡角鸮 Otus madagascariensis (Grandidier, A, 1867)
- 马岛角鸮 Otus rutilus (Pucheran, 1849)
- 马约特岛角鸮 Otus mayottensis Benson, 1960
- 科摩罗角鸮 Otus pauliani Benson, 1960
- 烟色角鸮 Otus capnodes (Gurney, JH Sr, 1889)
- 莫岛角鸮 Otus moheliensis Lafontaine & Moulaert, 1998
- †留尼汪角鸮 Otus grucheti (Mourer-Chauviré, Bour, Moutou & Ribes, 1994)
- †毛里求斯角鸮 Otus sauzieri (Newton, E & Gadow, 1893)
- †罗岛角鸮 Otus murivorus (Milne-Edwards, 1873)
- 纵纹角鸮 Otus brucei (Hume, 1872)
- 阿拉伯角鸮 Otus pamelae Bates, GL, 1937
- 西红角鸮 Otus scops (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 塞浦路斯角鸮 Otus cyprius (Madarász, G, 1901)
- 普林西比角鸮 Otus bikegila Melo, Freitas, Verbelen, da Costa, Pereira, Fuchs, Sangster, Correia, de Lima & Crottini, 2022
- 奔巴角鸮 Otus pembaensis Pakenham, 1937
- 圣多美角鸮 Otus hartlaubi (Giebel, 1872)
- 非洲角鸮 Otus senegalensis (Swainson, 1837)
- 安诺本角鸮 Otus feae (Salvadori, 1903)
- 索岛角鸮 Otus socotranus (Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes, HO, 1899)
- 红角鸮 Otus sunia (Hodgson, 1836)
- 琉球角鸮 Otus elegans (Cassin, 1852)
- 马鲁古角鸮 Otus magicus (Müller, S, 1841)
- 韦塔岛角鸮 Otus tempestatis (Hartert, EJO, 1904)
- 苏拉角鸮 Otus sulaensis (Hartert, EJO, 1898)
- 比岛角鸮 Otus beccarii (Salvadori, 1876)
- 苏拉威西角鸮 Otus manadensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)
- 帮盖岛角鸮 Otus mendeni Neumann, 1939
- 锡奥角鸮 Otus siaoensis (Schlegel, 1873)
- 桑岛角鸮 Otus collari Lambert & Rasmussen, 1998
- 南菲律宾角鸮 Otus mantananensis (Sharpe, 1892)
- 裸腿角鸮 Otus insularis (Tristram, 1880)
- 尼科巴角鸮 Otus alius Rasmussen, 1998
- 栗角鸮 Otus umbra (Richmond, 1903)
- 恩加诺角鸮 Otus enganensis Riley, 1927
- 明岛领角鸮 Otus mentawi Chasen & Kloss, 1926
- 拉氏角鸮 Otus brookii (Sharpe, 1892)
- 印度领角鸮 Otus bakkamoena Pennant, 1769
- 领角鸮 Otus lettia (Hodgson, 1836)
- 北领角鸮 Otus semitorques Temminck & Schlegel, 1845
- 巽他领角鸮 Otus lempiji (Horsfield, 1821)
- 菲律宾角鸮 Otus megalotis (Walden, 1875)
- 内格罗斯角鸮 Otus nigrorum Rand, 1950
- 埃氏角鸮 Otus everetti (Tweeddale, 1879)
- 巴拉望角鸮 Otus fuliginosus (Sharpe, 1888)
- 华莱士角鸮 Otus silvicola (Wallace, 1864)
- 林加尼角鸮 Otus jolandae Sangster, King, BF, Verbelen & Trainor, 2013
- 帕劳角鸮 Otus podarginus (Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872)
参考资料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 H&M4 Checklist family by family. The Turst for Avian Systematics. [2024-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-21) (英语).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela , 编. IOC World Bird List 14.1. [2023-12-20] (英语).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 刘小如; 丁宗苏; 方伟宏; 林文宏; 蔡牧起; 颜重威. 台灣鳥類誌第二版(中). 台湾: 行政院农业委员会林务局. 2012-12-01: 393 [2023-12-19]. ISBN 978-986-03-3926-0. (原始内容存档于2020-05-20) (中文(台湾)).
- ^ Pennant, Thomas. Otus bakkamoena. Indian Zoology. London. 1769: 3 [2024-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-11) (英语).
- ^ Jobling, James A. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. 2010: 286 [2024-01-06]. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 (英语).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Hume, Rob. Scops owl. Owls of the world. London: Parkgate Books. 1997: 37 [2024-01-04]. ISBN 978-1-85585-352-2 (英语).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Myers, Susan. The bird name book: a history of English bird names. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2022: 294. ISBN 9780691235691 (英语).
- ^ 8.0 8.1 König, Claus; Weick, Friedhelm; Becking, Jan-Hendrik. Owls of the World. 2nd. Yale University Press. 2009-04. ISBN 978-0300142273 (英语).
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Dantas, Sidnei M.; Weckstein, Jason D.; Bates, John M.; Krabbe, Niels K.; Cadena, Carlos Daniel; Robbins, Mark B.; Valderrama, Eugenio; Aleixo, Alexandre. Molecular systematics of the new world screech-owls (Megascops: Aves, Strigidae): biogeographic and taxonomic implications. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2016-01-01, 94: 626–634 [2024-01-06]. ISSN 1055-7903. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.09.025. (原始内容存档于2023-02-22).
- ^ 10.0 10.1 del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (编). Handbook of the birds of the world 5. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 1994 [2024-01-03]. ISBN 978-84-87334-25-2 (英语).
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Melo, Martim; Freitas, Bárbara; Verbelen, Philippe; Costa, Sátiro R. da; Pereira, Hugo; Fuchs, Jérôme; Sangster, George; Correia, Marco N.; Lima, Ricardo F. de; Crottini, Angelica. A new species of scops-owl (Aves, Strigiformes, Strigidae, Otus) from Príncipe Island (Gulf of Guinea, Africa) and novel insights into the systematic affinities within Otus. ZooKeys. 2022-10-30, 1126: 1–54 [2024-01-03]. ISSN 1313-2970. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1126.87635. (原始内容存档于2023-12-28) (英语).
- ^ 12.0 12.1 König, Claus. Common scops owl. Owls : a guide to the owls of the world. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1999 [2024-01-04]. ISBN 978-0-300-07920-3 (英语).
- ^ Flint, Peter; Whaley, David; Kirwan, Guy M.; Charalambides, Melis; Schweizer, Manuel; Wink, Michael. Reprising the taxonomy of Cyprus Scops Owl Otus (scops) cyprius, a neglected island endemic. Zootaxa. 2015-11-11, 4040 (3): 301 [2024-01-07]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4040.3.3. (原始内容存档于2022-03-08) (英语).