激浪派
激浪派（Fluxus）是1960年代至1970年代间活跃的一个激进的国际文艺流派[1][2][3][4][5]。他们提出了一些新的艺术主张，如迪克·希金斯的“中介艺术”[6][7][8][9]、亨利·弗林特的“观念艺术”[10][11]和白南准和沃尔夫·福斯特尔的“录像艺术”[12][13][14]。受到杜尚的影响，大多数激浪派艺术家以反商业和反艺术为己任，强调概念而非成品的重要性[15]。而Fluxus一词则由乔治·麦素纳斯创造于1961年[16]。
1960年代的许多实验艺术家都属于这一流派，威斯巴登、哥本哈根、斯德哥尔摩、阿姆斯特丹、伦敦和纽约都有大量激浪派艺术家存在。他们的兴趣极为广泛，而互相之间亦有冲突[17][18]。比如尽管激浪派创始人之一的乔治·麦素纳斯发表过所谓的《激浪派宣言》，但很少有其他激浪派艺术家对他的说法表示赞同，甚至很多艺术家都不认为他属于激浪派[19][20]。虽然如此，激浪派也在一定程度上对开放“艺术”之定义做出了贡献[21]。
参考文献
- ^ Friedman, Ken. 2011. "Fluxus: A Laboratory of Ideas." Fluxus and the Essential Qualities of Life. Jacquelynne Baas, editor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, p.35.
- ^ Nationalencyclopedin (Swedish National Encyclopedia). 2016. "Fluxus." Accessible at: http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyclopedi/lång/fluxus （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Accessed September 11, 2016.
- ^ Wainwright, Lisa S. 2016. "Fluxus." Britannica Academic (Encyclopedia Britannica Online).
- ^ Ruhé, Harry. 1979. Fluxus, the Most Radical and Experimental Art Movement of the Sixties Amsterdam: Editions Galerie A.
- ^ Ruhé, Harry. 1999. "Introduction." 25 Fluxus Stories Amsterdam: Tuja Books, p. 4.
- ^ Higgins, Dick. 1966. "Intermedia." Something Else Newsletter. Vol. 1, No. 1, February, pp. 1-3.
- ^ Higgins, Dick. 2001. "Intermedia" Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality. Randall Packer and Ken Jordan, eds. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., pp. 27–32.
- ^ Higgins, Dick. 1984. Horizons: The Poetics and Theory of the Intermedia. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press
- ^ Hannah B Higgins,"The Computational Word Works of Eric Andersen and Dick Higgins", Mainframe Experimentalism: Early Digital Computing in the Experimental Arts, Hannah Higgins, & Douglas Kahn, eds., pp. 271-281
- ^ Flynt, Henry. 1961. "Concept Art: Innperseqs." Reprinted in 1963: An Anthology. La Monte Young, ed. New York: Jackson Mac Low and La Monte Young, np.
- ^ Flynt, Henry. 1963. "Essay: Concept Art: Provisional Version." An Anthology. La Monte Young, ed. New York: Jackson Mac Low and La Monte Young, np.
- ^ Paik, Nam June. 1993. Nam June Paik: eine Data Base. La Biennale di Venezia. XLV Esposizione lnternazionale D’Arte, June 13 – October 10, 1993. Klaus Bussmann and Florian Matzner, eds. Venice and Berlin: Biennale di Venezia and Edition Cantz.
- ^ Hanhardt, John and Ken Hakuta. 2012. Nam June Paik: Global Visionary. London and Washington, D.C.: D. Giles, Ltd., in association with the Smithsonian American Art Museum.
- ^ Fundacio Joan Miro. 1979. Vostell. Environments Pintura Happenings Dibuixos Video de 1958 a 1978. Barcelona: Fundacio Joan Miro.
- ^ Fluxus Movement, Artists and Major Works. [2015-10-06]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-19）.
- ^ Armstrong, Elizabeth. In the Spirit of Fluxus. Minneapolis: The Occasion of the Exhibition. 1993: 24. ISBN 9780935640403.
- ^ Zurbrugg, Nicholas. 1990. “A Spirit of Large Goals.” – Dada and Fluxus at Two Speeds. Fluxus! Nicholas Zurbrugg, Francesco Conz, and Nicholas Tsoutas, eds. Brisbane, Australia: Institute of Modern Art, p. 29.
- ^ Smith, Owen F. 1998. Fluxus: The History of an Attitude. San Diego: San Diego State University Press.
- ^ Higgins, Dick. 1992. "Fluxus: Theory and Reception." Lund Art Press, Vol II, No 2, pp. 25-46.
- ^ Higgins, Dick. 1998. "Fluxus: Theory and Reception." The Fluxus Reader, Ken Friedman, ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Academy Editions, pp. 218-236.
- ^ Tate Gallery. "Nam June Paik. Fluxus, Performance, Participation." Tate Online. Accessible at: http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/exhibition/nam-june-paik/nam-june-paik-room-guide/nam-june-paik-section-2 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Accessed September 15, 2016.
外部链接
- Links at Ubuweb:
- Interview with Ken Friedman
- European Fluxus Festivals 1962–1977 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- John Cage on I've Got A Secret performing Water Walk, January 1960, from the same era as his teaching classes at the New School （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- MOMA online archive of Fluxus 1, Fluxkit and Flux Year Box 2 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Museum Fluxus+ Potsdam, Germany （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Museo Vostell Malpartida （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Cáceres, Spain.
- Subjugated Knowledges exhibition catalogue （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- The Copenhagen Fluxus Archive （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Dick Higgins collection at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County
