龐蒂亞克戰爭
| 龐蒂亞克戰爭 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 北美印第安戰爭的一部分 | |||||||||
 1763年4月27日大會，龐蒂亞克呼籲聽眾起身對抗英國人。 (19世紀雕刻, Alfred Bobbett) | |||||||||
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| 参战方 | |||||||||
 大英帝國 | |||||||||
| 指挥官与领导者 | |||||||||
|
杰弗里·阿默斯特 Henry Bouquet 湯馬士·蓋奇 |
龐蒂亞克 Guyasuta | ||||||||
| 兵力 | |||||||||
| ~3,000名士兵[3][4] | ~3,500名戰士[4] | ||||||||
| 伤亡与损失 | |||||||||
|
~450 人被殺[5] ~450名公民被殺[6] ~4,000名公民流離失所[7] |
200+ 名戰士被殺[8] 傷亡人數不明 | ||||||||
龐蒂亞克戰爭（英語：Pontiac's War）是英法北美战争后，于1763年在英国北美殖民地时期五大湖地区的俄亥俄领地和伊利诺伊领地因不满英国统治而爆发的一场战争。期间，许多部落的战士加入这场起义，以赶走该地区的英国士兵和定居者。战争名字来自渥太华人龐蒂亞克。虽然此次起义未能赶走英国人，但英国人为此不得不对原先政策作出调整。此外，战后割让尼亚加拉瀑布城附近土地予英国人[9][10]
参考资料
引用
- ^ Government of Canada. “In Defence of Their Homelands.” Canada.ca, April 19, 2018. Link.
- ^ “Pontiac's War.” Nations at War, 2020. https://nationsatwar.tv/conflicts/pontiacs-war/.
- ^ Dixon 2005，第158頁.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Dowd 2002，第117頁.
- ^ Peckham 1947，第239頁.
- ^ Nester 2000，第279頁.
- ^ Dowd 2002，第275頁.
- ^ Middleton 2007，第202頁.
- ^ Henderson, Donald A. et al. Smallpox as a Biological Weapon. Medical and Public Health Management （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. JAMA 1999, 281(22):2127–2137. doi:10.1001/jama.281.22.2127
- ^ d'Errico, Peter. Jeffrey Amherst and Smallpox Blankets （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
来源
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- Barras, V; Greub, G. History of biological warfare and bioterrorism. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2014, 20 (6): 497–502. PMID 24894605. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12706
. - Borrows, John. Wampum at Niagara: The Royal Proclamation, Canadian Legal History, and Self Government (PDF). Asch, Michael (编). Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in Canada: Essays on Law, Equity, and Respect for Difference. Vancouver: UBC Press. 1997: 169–172. ISBN 978-0-7748-0581-0.
- Calloway, Colin. The Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of North America. New York: Oxford University Press. 2006. ISBN 0-19-530071-8.
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- McConnell, Michael N. A Country Between: The Upper Ohio Valley and Its Peoples, 1724–1774. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 1992. ISBN 0-8032-8238-9.
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- Middleton, Richard. Pontiac's War: Its Causes, Course, and Consequences. New York: Routledge. 2007. ISBN 978-0-415-97913-9.
- Nester, William R. "Haughty Conquerors": Amherst and the Great Indian Uprising of 1763. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. 2000. ISBN 0-275-96770-0.
- Parkman, Francis. The Conspiracy of Pontiac and the Indian War after the Conquest of Canada 1994 reprint of 10th revised. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 1870. ISBN 0-8032-8733-X. Parkman's landmark 2-volume work, originally published in 1851, subsequently revised and often reprinted, has largely been supplanted by modern scholarship.
- Peckham, Howard H. Pontiac and the Indian Uprising. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1947. ISBN 0-8143-2469-X.
- Ranlet, Philip. The British, the Indians, and Smallpox: What Actually Happened at Fort Pitt in 1763?. Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies. 2000, 67 (3): 427–441 [January 13, 2021]. JSTOR 27774278.
- Richter, Daniel K. Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 2001. ISBN 0-674-00638-0.
- Skaggs, David Curtis; Nelson, Larry L. (编). The Sixty Years' War for the Great Lakes, 1754–1814. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. 2001. ISBN 0-87013-569-4.
- Steele, Ian K. Warpaths: Invasions of North America. New York: Oxford University Press. 1994. ISBN 0-19-508223-0.
- White, Richard. The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1991. ISBN 0-521-42460-7.
