黑三棱属
黑三棱属 | |
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线叶黑三棱(Sparganium angustifolium) | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 单子叶植物 Monocots |
演化支: | 鸭跖草类植物 Commelinids |
目: | 禾本目 Poales |
科: | 香蒲科 Typhaceae |
属: | 黑三棱属 Sparganium L. |
种 | |
参见正文 |
黑三棱属(学名:Sparganium),属香蒲科,约20余种,分布在北温带和澳洲,中国有约6种,分布在东北到西南一带。
特征与习性
本属植物为水生植物,生长在沼泽地带和湖泊边缘浅水处,有根茎和茎;叶狭长,无柄,直立或浮水;花单性,雌雄同株,每一花序上,雄花束生于雌花束之上,花被由延长的鳞片组成;果实的外果皮为海绵质。
分类
1981年的克朗奎斯特分类法将其列入香蒲目,独成一科——黑三棱科(Sparganiaceae Hanin, nom. cons.),1998年根据基因亲缘关系分类的APG 分类法将其放在新设立的禾本目内。
由于分子研究显示本属与香蒲属的关系最亲近,2003年APG II便建议将黑三棱科与同为单型的香蒲科合并,2009年APG III将其并入香蒲科[1]。
本属包括以下物种:
- Sparganium alpinum D.Don ex G.Don, 1830
- Sparganium americanum Nutt.
- Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong
- 线叶黑三棱 Sparganium angustifolium Michx.
- Sparganium angustifolium × emersum
- Sparganium angustifolium × emersum
- Sparganium angustifolium × glomeratum
- Sparganium angustifolium × gramineum
- Sparganium angustifolium × hyperboreum
- Sparganium angustifolium × natans
- Sparganium antiquum Berry, 1924
- 穗状黑三棱 Sparganium confertum Y.D.Chen
- Sparganium coreanum H.Lev.Repert., 2013
- Sparganium diversifolium Asch.
- Sparganium emersum Rehmann
- Sparganium emersum × erectum
- Sparganium emersum × glomeratum
- Sparganium emersum × gramineum
- Sparganium emersum × hyperboreum
- Sparganium emersum × natans
- Sparganium erectum L.
- Sparganium erectum Wahlenb.
- Sparganium erectum × microcarpum
- Sparganium erectum × neglectum
- Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm.
- Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. ex Gray
- 曲轴黑三棱 Sparganium fallax Graebn.
- Sparganium fluctuans (Engelm.) B.L.Rob.
- 短序黑三棱 Sparganium glomeratum (Laest. ex Beurl.) Beurl.
- 短序黑三棱 Sparganium glomeratum (Laest.) Neuman
- Sparganium glomeratum × natans
- Sparganium gramineum Georgi
- Sparganium gramineum × natans
- 无柱黑三棱 Sparganium hyperboreum Beurl. ex Laest.
- 无柱黑三棱 Sparganium hyperboreum Laest. ex Beurl.
- Sparganium hyperboreum × natans
- Sparganium japonicum Rothert
- Sparganium kawakamii H.Hara
- 沼生黑三棱 Sparganium limosum Y.D.Chen
- Sparganium longifolium Don ex Druce, 1888
- Sparganium longifolium Turcz.
- Sparganium microcarpum × neglectum
- Sparganium minimum Hill, 1756
- 矮黑三棱 Sparganium natans L.
- 矮黑三棱 Sparganium natans Oeder
- Sparganium nipponicam Makino, 1905
- Sparganium nuttallii Engelm., 1900
- Sparganium palustris L.
- Sparganium parvum Hickey, 1977
- Sparganium polyedrum Asch. & Graebn.
- Sparganium probatovae Tzvelev
- Sparganium rothertii Tzvelev
- Sparganium stoloniferum (Buch.-Ham. ex Graebn.) Buch.-Ham. ex Juz.
- Sparganium stoloniferum Buch.-Ham.
- Sparganium stygium Heer, 1855
- Sparganium subglobosum Morong
- 云南黑三棱 Sparganium yunnanense Y.D.Chen
- 杂交种:
- Sparganium ×longifolium Turcz. ex Ledeb.
- Sparganium ×oligocarpon Ångstr.
- Sparganium ×speirocephalum Neuman
- Sparganium ×splendens Meinsh.
参考文献
- ^ (英文)Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III Archive-It的存檔,存档日期2017-05-25. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161(2): 105-121.