輪狀病毒疫苗

輪狀病毒疫苗
疫苗说明
目標	rotavirus
种类	减毒
臨床資料
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a607024
给药途径	by mouth
ATC碼	J07BH02 (WHO) ;
识别信息
ChemSpider	none;

輪狀病毒疫苗 是用於預防輪狀病毒感染的疫苗。^[2] 輪狀病毒是造成孩童腹瀉的最主要原因。^[2] 輪狀病毒疫苗在開發中國家預防了15%到34%的嚴重腹瀉；在已開發國家避免了37%到96%的嚴重腹瀉。^[3] 疫苗有效地降低了孩童因為嚴重腹瀉而死亡的風險。^[2] 施打過疫苗的孩童，在成年後比未接受過疫苗的成人更能抵抗輪狀病毒感染。^[4]

世界衛生組織建議在輪狀病毒流行地區，應該例行施打輪狀病毒疫苗。疫苗注射措施應該和鼓勵母乳撫育、確實洗手、乾淨飲水與清潔一同进行。輪狀病毒疫苗由口服途徑給予，需要給予兩到三劑。出生後六個月接種第一劑。^[2]

輪狀病毒疫苗對孩童與人類免疫缺陷病毒感染者皆相當安全。舊的輪狀病毒疫苗曾經有報導指出跟腸套疊有關，但現在的版本則並未有明確連結。為了避免可能的腸套疊風險，曾經有腸套疊病史的嬰幼兒應避免注射此疫苗。輪狀病毒疫苗為減毒性疫苗。^[2]

2006年，此疫苗在美國上市。^[1] 它是世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單的其中之一，意即在基本醫療衛生制度裡非常需要、也相當重要的一項藥物^[5] 2014年，輪狀病毒疫苗的批發價介於6.96到20.66美元。^[6] 在美國，一劑輪狀病毒疫苗價值超過200美金。^[7] 2013年，全球目前有兩種疫苗：Rotarix 和 RotaTeq。^[2]

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Rotavirus Vaccine Live Oral. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Dec 14, 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-12-22）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Rotavirus vaccines. WHO position paper – January 2013. (PDF). Releve epidemiologique hebdomadaire / Section d'hygiene du Secretariat de la Societe des Nations = Weekly epidemiological record / Health Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations. 1 February 2013, 88 (5): 49–64 [2016-07-04]. PMID 23424730. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-12-22）.
^ Soares-Weiser K, Maclehose H, Bergman H, et al. Soares-Weiser K , 编. Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012, 11: CD008521. PMID 23152260. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008521.pub3.
^ Patel MM, Steele D, Gentsch JR, Wecker J, Glass RI, Parashar UD. Real-world impact of rotavirus vaccination. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. January 2011, 30 (1 Suppl): S1–5. PMID 21183833. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3181fefa1f.
^ WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013 [22 April 2014]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-04-23）.
^ Vaccine, Rotavirus. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [6 December 2015]. ^{[永久失效連結]}
^ Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 317. ISBN 9781284057560.

[AHFS2015-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Rotavirus Vaccine Live Oral. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Dec 14, 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-12-22）.

[WHO2013-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Rotavirus vaccines. WHO position paper – January 2013. (PDF). Releve epidemiologique hebdomadaire / Section d'hygiene du Secretariat de la Societe des Nations = Weekly epidemiological record / Health Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations. 1 February 2013, 88 (5): 49–64 [2016-07-04]. PMID 23424730. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-12-22）.

[Soar2012-3] Soares-Weiser K, Maclehose H, Bergman H, et al. Soares-Weiser K , 编. Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012, 11: CD008521. PMID 23152260. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008521.pub3.

[Patel11-4] Patel MM, Steele D, Gentsch JR, Wecker J, Glass RI, Parashar UD. Real-world impact of rotavirus vaccination. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. January 2011, 30 (1 Suppl): S1–5. PMID 21183833. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3181fefa1f.

[5] WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013 [22 April 2014]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-04-23）.

[6] Vaccine, Rotavirus. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [6 December 2015]. ^{[永久失效連結]}

[Ric2015-7] Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 317. ISBN 9781284057560.

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