紅絲薑花

紅絲薑花
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	单子叶植物 Monocots
演化支：	鸭跖草类植物 Commelinids
目：	姜目 Zingiberales
科：	薑科 Zingiberaceae
属：	姜花属 Hedychium
种：	紅絲薑花 H. gardnerianum
二名法
	Hedychium gardnerianum; Sheppard ex Ker Gawl.
異名
	Gamochilus speciosus T.Lestib.; Hedychium gardnerianum Sheph.; Hedychium gardnerianum var. fasciatum K.Koch; Hedychium gardnerianum var. pallidum (Regel) Baker; Hedychium pallidum Regel;

紅絲薑花（學名：Hedychium gardnerianum）是薑科薑花屬下的一種草本植物，原産於印度、尼泊爾、不丹及中国的西藏和云南地区^[2]^[3]。這種植物是世界百大外來入侵種之一。

分佈

紅絲薑花是薑花屬分佈最廣泛的園藝植物，偏好熱帶氣候，但在亞熱帶及溫帶地區氣候適宜之處也可以生長。該植物在許多地區都被當做入侵物種，其中包括新西蘭、^[4]夏威夷^[5]和亞速群島。^[6]

特征描述

红丝姜花的茎高度约为1-1.6米。叶为线状椭圆形，顶端尖锐，基部楔形或近圆形，叶面为深绿色，平滑无毛，叶背浅绿色被白粉，仅中脉被长而密的柔毛，边缘狭，软骨质。几乎没有叶柄；叶鞘黄绿色或略呈紫红色，被白粉，幼时白粉更加明显，无毛；叶舌长圆形，顶端圆形，膜质，黄绿色或略呈紫红色，幼时被白粉，无毛。^[2]

穗状花序圆柱形，顶生直立，苞片非覆瓦状，彼此分离，40-60枚在花序上螺旋状排列。苞片内卷呈管状，线状披针形，绿色无毛被白粉，每苞片内有1-2朵花；小苞片管状，黄绿色无毛。花为柠檬黄色，雄蕊红色；花萼管状，黄绿色，顶部略带柠檬黄色，无毛；花冠管基部黄绿色，向上渐变为柠檬黄色至先端略呈橙红色，无毛；花冠裂片线性，内卷，后方略长于侧生裂片，柠檬黄色；侧生退化雄蕊较花冠裂片为宽，线状长圆形，柠檬黄色，基部渐呈橙红色，先端圆钝；唇瓣倒卵形，柠檬黄色，基部渐呈橙红色，先端圆钝或微凹；花丝红色；花药弓形弯曲；柱头超出花药，具缘毛；子房圆柱形；上位腺体2个，柠檬黄色。^[2]

控制

在熱帶和亞熱帶地區，紅絲薑花擴張速度極其快，其粘著性很強的種子會經由鳥類和哺乳動物傳播到別的地區。^[7]唯一的驅除辦法是完全挖掉其塊莖或使用除草劑。^[8]

藥用

醫學研究發現，紅絲薑花中的一種提取物含有細胞毒性，可以用來治療肺癌。^[9]

參考文獻

^ Hedychium gardnerianum Sheph. ex Ker Gawl.. GBIF. Copenhagen, Denmark: GBIF Secretariat. [2024-04-17].
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Ding, Hongbo; Wang, Liyan; Quan, Dongli; Yang, Bin; Yue, Mamai; Wang, Pingyuan; Yang, Yongjingwen; Gong, Qiangbang; Zhou, Shishun; Wang, Li; Li, Jianwu; Tan, Yunhong. Additions to the seed plant flora in Yunnan, China. Biodiversity Science. 2023-10-20, 31 (10): 23254. doi:10.17520/biods.2023254.
^ Chen, Yousheng; Song, Zhuqiu; Wei, Ran; Luo, Yan; Chen, Wenli; Yang, Fusheng; Gao, Lianming; Xu, Yuan; Zhang, Zhuoxin; Fu, Pengcheng; Xiang, Chunlei; Wang, Huanchong; Hao, Jiachen; Meng, Shiyong; Wu, Lei; Li, Bo; Yu, Shengxiang; Zhang, Shuren; He, Li; Guo, Xinqiang; Wang, Wenguang; Tong, Yihua; Gao, Qi; Fei, Wenqun; Zeng, Youpai; Bai, Lin; Jin, Zichao; Zhong, Xingjie; Zhang, Buyun; Du, Siyi. A dataset on inventory and geographical distribution of vascular plants in Xizang, China. Biodiversity Science. 2023-09-20, 31 (9): 23188. doi:10.17520/biods.2023188.
^ Kahili ginger. Biosecurity New Zealand, New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. 2008 [23 April 2009]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-22）.
^ State of Hawaii – Department of Land and Natural Resources. Hawaii's Most Invasive Horticultural Plants – kahili ginger. State of Hawaii – Department of Land and Natural Resources. 2007 [September 24, 2007]. （原始内容存档于2007年9月26日）.
^ Invasive Species Specialist Group. Details of this species in Azores. Global Invasive Species Database. 2004 [January 31, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.
^ New Zealand Conservation Network. New Zealand Conservation Network. [November 13, 2011].
^ Weedbusters Weed Information. New Zealand Biodiversity Dept. [November 13, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2012年1月14日）.
^ Kumrit I, Suksamrarn A, Meepawpan P, Songsri S, Nuntawong N.; (2010) "Labdane-type diterpenes from Hedychium gardnerianum with potent cytotoxicity against human small cell lung cancer cells." Phytother Res.; 24(7):1009-13.[1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

外部連結

[1] Hedychium gardnerianum Sheph. ex Ker Gawl.. GBIF. Copenhagen, Denmark: GBIF Secretariat. [2024-04-17].

[biods.2023254-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Ding, Hongbo; Wang, Liyan; Quan, Dongli; Yang, Bin; Yue, Mamai; Wang, Pingyuan; Yang, Yongjingwen; Gong, Qiangbang; Zhou, Shishun; Wang, Li; Li, Jianwu; Tan, Yunhong. Additions to the seed plant flora in Yunnan, China. Biodiversity Science. 2023-10-20, 31 (10): 23254. doi:10.17520/biods.2023254.

[3] Chen, Yousheng; Song, Zhuqiu; Wei, Ran; Luo, Yan; Chen, Wenli; Yang, Fusheng; Gao, Lianming; Xu, Yuan; Zhang, Zhuoxin; Fu, Pengcheng; Xiang, Chunlei; Wang, Huanchong; Hao, Jiachen; Meng, Shiyong; Wu, Lei; Li, Bo; Yu, Shengxiang; Zhang, Shuren; He, Li; Guo, Xinqiang; Wang, Wenguang; Tong, Yihua; Gao, Qi; Fei, Wenqun; Zeng, Youpai; Bai, Lin; Jin, Zichao; Zhong, Xingjie; Zhang, Buyun; Du, Siyi. A dataset on inventory and geographical distribution of vascular plants in Xizang, China. Biodiversity Science. 2023-09-20, 31 (9): 23188. doi:10.17520/biods.2023188.

[4] Kahili ginger. Biosecurity New Zealand, New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. 2008 [23 April 2009]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-22）.

[hi-5] State of Hawaii – Department of Land and Natural Resources. Hawaii's Most Invasive Horticultural Plants – kahili ginger. State of Hawaii – Department of Land and Natural Resources. 2007 [September 24, 2007]. （原始内容存档于2007年9月26日）.

[az-6] Invasive Species Specialist Group. Details of this species in Azores. Global Invasive Species Database. 2004 [January 31, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.

[7] New Zealand Conservation Network. New Zealand Conservation Network. [November 13, 2011].

[8] Weedbusters Weed Information. New Zealand Biodiversity Dept. [November 13, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2012年1月14日）.

[9] Kumrit I, Suksamrarn A, Meepawpan P, Songsri S, Nuntawong N.; (2010) "Labdane-type diterpenes from Hedychium gardnerianum with potent cytotoxicity against human small cell lung cancer cells." Phytother Res.; 24(7):1009-13.[1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

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