粉芽

粉芽（soredium，複數為soredia）是地衣常見的一種無性生殖構造^[1]，為外觀呈粉狀的繁殖體，由地衣中真菌的菌絲包裹共生的綠藻或藍綠菌而形成。粉芽可能散布於地衣的表面，也可能集中於一個區域，形成粉芽堆（soralia）^[2]。粉芽可以風力等方式散播到別處，以產生新的地衣^[3]。

參考資料

^ Eichorn, Susan E; Evert, Ray F; Raven, Peter H. Biology of Plants. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. 2005: 289.
^ Brodo, Irwin W.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen. Lichens of North America. New Haven, CT, USA: Yale University Press. 2001: 762. ISBN 0-300-08249-5.
^ Cook, Rebecca; McFarland, Kenneth. General Botany 111: Laboratory Manual. Knoxville: University of Tennessee. 1995: 104.

[Eichorn1-1] Eichorn, Susan E; Evert, Ray F; Raven, Peter H. Biology of Plants. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. 2005: 289.

[Brodo-2] Brodo, Irwin W.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen. Lichens of North America. New Haven, CT, USA: Yale University Press. 2001: 762. ISBN 0-300-08249-5.

[Cook1-3] Cook, Rebecca; McFarland, Kenneth. General Botany 111: Laboratory Manual. Knoxville: University of Tennessee. 1995: 104.

[1]

[2]

[3]