硫氰酸盐

硫氰酸盐
	IUPAC名; Cyanosulfanide
别名	Rhodanide; Sulfocyanate; Sulphocyanate; Thiocyanide;
识别
CAS号	302-04-5
PubChem	9322
ChemSpider	8961
SMILES	[S-]C#N;
InChI	1/CHNS/c2-1-3/h3H/p-1;
InChIKey	ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-REWHXWOFAX
ChEBI	18022
IUPHAR配体	4529
性质
化学式	CNS
摩尔质量	58.08 g·mol−1
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

硫氰酸盐是硫氰酸根离子SCN⁻所成的盐，常见的包括无色的硫氰酸钾、硫氰酸钠、硫氰酸铵和硫氰酸汞。

硫氰酸酯指含有SCN官能团的有机化合物。

硫氰酸根离子与氰酸根离子[OCN]⁻同类，只是氧原子被硫原子替代。[SCN]⁻与卤离子相似之处很多，是拟卤离子之一。

硫氰酸盐可由硫或硫代硫酸盐与氰化物反应制备：

{\ce {8CN-}}

{\ce {+S8->8SCN-}}

{\ce {CN-}}

{\ce {+S2O3^2-}}

{\ce {->SCN-}}

{\ce {+SO3^2-}}

磺基转移酶硫氰酸酶（英语：thiosulfate sulfurtransferase）可催化第二个反应，可能是体内氰化物解毒的机理。

Riemschneider硫代氨基甲酸酯合成涉及有机硫氰酸酯水解为硫代氨基甲酸酯的反应。

异构

硫氰酸根存在键合异构体。

硫氰酸盐和硫氰酸酯中，有机基团或金属原子与硫相连：R−S−C≡N；^[1]
异硫氰酸盐或异硫氰酸酯中，则与氮相连：R−N=C=S。

检测Fe³⁺

溶液中，Fe³⁺会与[SCN]⁻反应生成血红色的[Fe(SCN)(H₂O)₅]²⁺，可用于检验三价铁离子，有些电影中也用该法制作假血（英语：theatrical blood）。

Fe³⁺ + n SCN^- → [Fe(SCN)_n]^3-n

藥理學

硫氰酸盐^[2]在乳過氧化酶（英语：lactoperoxidase）合成次硫氰酸鹽（英语：hypothiocyanite）時扮演重要角色^[3]^[4]^[5]。因此當人體缺乏硫氰酸盐時^[6]（如囊腫性纖維化），會導致人體免疫功能下降^[7]^[8]。

硫氰酸盐也會競爭性抑制甲狀腺的鈉-碘共同運輸蛋白（英语：sodium-iodide symporter）（sodium-iodide symporter）^[9]，減少運入甲狀腺濾泡的碘，進而抑制甲狀腺素的合成。因此甲狀腺機能低下的患者應該避免攝入含有過多硫氰酸盐的食物^[10]。

20世紀初期，硫氰酸盐會用於治療高血壓，但因為毒性過強而不再使用^[11]。但至今仍用於高血壓危症（英语：hypertensive emergency）的硝普钠，其中一個代謝物即為硫氰酸盐。硫氰酸酶（英语：Rhodanese）會與硫代硫酸根共同作用，將硝普钠代謝為硫氰酸鹽。

参见

参考资料

^ Guy, R. G. "Syntheses and Preparative Applications of Thiocyanates" in "Chemistry of Cyanates and Their Derivatives," vol II. Patai, S., (Editor), John Wiley, 1977. New York
^ Pedemonte, N.; Caci, E.; Sondo, E.; Caputo, A.; Rhoden, K.; Pfeffer, U.; di Candia, M.; Bandettini, R.; Ravazzolo, R.; Zegarra-Moran, O.; Galietta, L. J. Thiocyanate Transport in Resting and IL-4-Stimulated Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells: Role of Pendrin and Anion Channels. Journal of Immunology. 2007, 178 (8): 5144–5153. PMID 17404297. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.5144.
^ Conner, G. E.; Wijkstrom-Frei, C.; Randell, S. H.; Fernandez, V. E.; Salathe, M. The Lactoperoxidase System Links Anion Transport to Host Defense in Cystic Fibrosis. FEBS Letters. 2007, 581 (2): 271–278. PMC 1851694 . PMID 17204267. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.12.025.
^ White, W. E.; Pruitt, K. M.; Mansson-Rahemtulla, B. Peroxidase-Thiocyanate-Peroxide Antibacterial System Does not Damage DNA. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1983, 23 (2): 267–272. PMC 186035 . PMID 6340603. doi:10.1128/aac.23.2.267.
^ Thomas, E. L.; Aune, T. M. Lactoperoxidase, Peroxide, Thiocyanate Antimicrobial System: Correlation of Sulfhydryl Oxidation with Antimicrobial Action. Infection and Immunity. 1978, 20 (2): 456–463. PMC 421877 . PMID 352945.
^ Minarowski, Ł.; Sands, D.; Minarowska, A.; Karwowska, A.; Sulewska, A.; Gacko, M.; Chyczewska, E. Thiocyanate concentration in saliva of cystic fibrosis patients (PDF). Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica. 2008, 46 (2): 245–246. PMID 18519245. doi:10.2478/v10042-008-0037-0. ^{[永久失效連結]}
^ Moskwa, P.; Lorentzen, D.; Excoffon, K. J.; Zabner, J.; McCray, P. B. Jr.; Nauseef, W. M.; Dupuy, C.; Bánfi, B. A Novel Host Defense System of Airways is Defective in Cystic Fibrosis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2007, 175 (2): 174–183. PMC 2720149 . PMID 17082494. doi:10.1164/rccm.200607-1029OC.
^ Xu, Y.; Szép, S.; Lu, Z.; Szep; Lu. The antioxidant role of thiocyanate in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis and other inflammation-related diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2009, 106 (48): 20515–20519. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10620515X. PMC 2777967 . PMID 19918082. doi:10.1073/pnas.0911412106.
^ Braverman L. E.; He X.; Pino S.; et al. The effect of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate on thyroid function in workers exposed to perchlorate long-term. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 90 (2): 700–706 [2019-04-07]. PMID 15572417. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1821. （原始内容存档于2013-05-02）.
^ Hypothyroidism. umm.edu. University of Maryland Medical Center. [3 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于2018-03-09）.
^ Warren F. Gorman; Emanuel Messinger; And Morris Herman. Toxicity of Thiocyanates Used in Treatment of Hypertension. Ann Intern Med. 1949, 30 (5): 1054–1059. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-30-5-1054.

[1] Guy, R. G. "Syntheses and Preparative Applications of Thiocyanates" in "Chemistry of Cyanates and Their Derivatives," vol II. Patai, S., (Editor), John Wiley, 1977. New York

[pmid17404297-2] Pedemonte, N.; Caci, E.; Sondo, E.; Caputo, A.; Rhoden, K.; Pfeffer, U.; di Candia, M.; Bandettini, R.; Ravazzolo, R.; Zegarra-Moran, O.; Galietta, L. J. Thiocyanate Transport in Resting and IL-4-Stimulated Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells: Role of Pendrin and Anion Channels. Journal of Immunology. 2007, 178 (8): 5144–5153. PMID 17404297. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.5144.

[pmid17204267-3] Conner, G. E.; Wijkstrom-Frei, C.; Randell, S. H.; Fernandez, V. E.; Salathe, M. The Lactoperoxidase System Links Anion Transport to Host Defense in Cystic Fibrosis. FEBS Letters. 2007, 581 (2): 271–278. PMC 1851694 . PMID 17204267. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.12.025.

[pmid6340603-4] White, W. E.; Pruitt, K. M.; Mansson-Rahemtulla, B. Peroxidase-Thiocyanate-Peroxide Antibacterial System Does not Damage DNA. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1983, 23 (2): 267–272. PMC 186035 . PMID 6340603. doi:10.1128/aac.23.2.267.

[pmid352945-5] Thomas, E. L.; Aune, T. M. Lactoperoxidase, Peroxide, Thiocyanate Antimicrobial System: Correlation of Sulfhydryl Oxidation with Antimicrobial Action. Infection and Immunity. 1978, 20 (2): 456–463. PMC 421877 . PMID 352945.

[pmid18519245-6] Minarowski, Ł.; Sands, D.; Minarowska, A.; Karwowska, A.; Sulewska, A.; Gacko, M.; Chyczewska, E. Thiocyanate concentration in saliva of cystic fibrosis patients (PDF). Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica. 2008, 46 (2): 245–246. PMID 18519245. doi:10.2478/v10042-008-0037-0. ^{[永久失效連結]}

[pmid17082494-7] Moskwa, P.; Lorentzen, D.; Excoffon, K. J.; Zabner, J.; McCray, P. B. Jr.; Nauseef, W. M.; Dupuy, C.; Bánfi, B. A Novel Host Defense System of Airways is Defective in Cystic Fibrosis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2007, 175 (2): 174–183. PMC 2720149 . PMID 17082494. doi:10.1164/rccm.200607-1029OC.

[pmid19918082-8] Xu, Y.; Szép, S.; Lu, Z.; Szep; Lu. The antioxidant role of thiocyanate in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis and other inflammation-related diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2009, 106 (48): 20515–20519. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10620515X. PMC 2777967 . PMID 19918082. doi:10.1073/pnas.0911412106.

[pmid15572417-9] Braverman L. E.; He X.; Pino S.; et al. The effect of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate on thyroid function in workers exposed to perchlorate long-term. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 90 (2): 700–706 [2019-04-07]. PMID 15572417. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1821. （原始内容存档于2013-05-02）.

[10] Hypothyroidism. umm.edu. University of Maryland Medical Center. [3 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于2018-03-09）.

[11] Warren F. Gorman; Emanuel Messinger; And Morris Herman. Toxicity of Thiocyanates Used in Treatment of Hypertension. Ann Intern Med. 1949, 30 (5): 1054–1059. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-30-5-1054.

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查论编无机碳化合物
氧化物及相关	氧化物 CO₂ CO CO₃ CO₄ C₂O C₃O C₂O₂ C₃O₂ C₄O₂ C₅O₂ OCS 金屬羰基配合物碳酸碳酸氢盐碳酸盐
其他离子化合物	碳化物 [:C≡C:]^2–, [::C::]^4–, [:C=C=C:]^4– 氰化物 [:C≡N:]^– 氰酸盐 [:O-C≡N:]^– 硫氰酸盐 [:S-C≡N:]^– 雷酸盐 [:C≡N-O:]^– 异硫氰酸盐 [:C≡N-S:]^– 石墨层间化合物
其他共价化合物	CF CS CS₂ C₂S C₃S₂ CSe₂ SiC B₄C C_xN_y

异构

检测Fe3+

藥理學

参见

参考资料

检测Fe³⁺