同斜层
同斜层（英語：Homocline）是一種地質結構，指一系列岩層，無論是沉積岩還是火成岩，都沿單一方向均勻傾斜。具有相同的傾角方向和角度 [1][2].同斜层可以是褶皺構造的一個褶皺翼、圓頂構造的邊緣、在沿海平原下的向大海傾斜的地層、逆衝斷層的斷塊或傾斜斷層的斷塊。若地層由不同硬度和抗侵蝕性的交替岩層組成時，被侵蝕后會產生 單面山、同向山脊或豬背嶺 [3][4] [5]。在地形圖上，同斜层可由幾乎平行的等高線認出，而些等高線在同一方向上具有相同高度變化。在地下，它們為特徵是具有平行的構造線 [6]。
Unicline 和 Uniclinal是兩個混淆的地質名詞，目前已不被采[7][8] [9][10].
若一系列沉積岩或火成岩地層，具有不同抵抗侵蝕的交替地層，它們的同斜层會形成獨特的地貌，例如，根據傾角不同 地形可漸變從單面山到同斜山脊到豬背脊。抵抗侵蝕力較小的地層優先被侵蝕，形成山谷。抵抗侵蝕力較大的地層則形成的山脊。抗抵抗侵蝕能力差異越大，谷與脊之間的起伏越明顯[3] [4] [5]。
參考文獻
- ^ Jackson, JA, J Mehl and K Neuendorf (2005) Glossary of Geology. American Geological Institute, Alexandria, Virginia. 800 pp. ISBN 978-0922152896
- ^ Huggett, JR (2011) Fundamentals of Geomorphology, 3rd ed., Routledge, New York. 516 pp. ISBN 9780415567756
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Thornbury, W. D., 1954, Principles of Geomorphology New York, John Wiley & Sons, 618 pp
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Twidale, C.R., and E.M. Campbell (1993) Australian Landforms: Structure, Process and Time. Gleneagles Publishing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. 568 pp. ISBN 9781875553020
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Gerrard, J (1988) Rocks and landforms. Allen & Unwin Inc.,Winchester, Mass. 319 pp. ISBN 9780045511129
- ^ Reynolds, SJ, and GH Davis (1996) Structural geology of rocks and regions. John Wiley, New York, New York. 864 pp. ISBN 9780045511129
- ^ Thomas, G, and A Goudie (2000) The Dictionary of Physical Geography, 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Maiden, Massachusetts. 624 pp. ISBN 978-0631204732
- ^ U.S. Bureau of Mines Staff (1996) Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, & Related Terms. Report SP-96-1, U.S. Department of Interior, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C.
- ^ Neuendorf, K.K.E., J.P. Mehl, Jr., and J.A. Jackson, J.A., eds. (2005) Glossary of Geology (5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute. 779 pp. ISBN 0-922152-76-4
- ^ Grabau, AW (1920a) Unicline; a term proposed for monoclinal ridges of erosion. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 31(1):153.。 Grabau, AW (1920b) A Comprehensive Geology, vol. 1 D. C. Heath & Company, New York, New York. 804 pp.