叶䗛属
叶䗛属 | |
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菲律賓葉䗛(Phyllium philippinicum) | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
目: | 竹節蟲目 Phasmatodea |
科: | 叶竹节虫科 Phylliidae |
族: | 叶䗛族 Phylliini |
属: | 叶䗛属 Phyllium Illiger, 1798 |
異名 | |
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叶䗛属(学名:Phyllium)也称叶虫,是竹节虫目(䗛目)叶竹节虫科(叶䗛科)的一属。主要分布于东半球的热带和亚热带地区。[1]本属目前记录约31种[2],是叶竹节虫科中种类最多的一属。
形态特征
叶䗛属于一种大型昆虫,体型宽扁,通体多为绿色,但也有其他色型,脉纹清晰,外型拟态模仿树叶。头部呈椭圆形,头顶稍扁平,光滑或距颗粒。眼部为半球形。雄虫触角发达,侧扁,栉状或锯齿形,被长软毛,向后越达腹部中央;雌虫触角短棒状,一般较短。口器为咀嚼式。前胸较短,近于三角形。前翅革质,雄虫较窄短,雌虫发达,几乎盖满腹部;后翅膜质、透明,雄虫发达,雌虫常退化或消失。[1]
葉䗛屬中本來種類眾多,並且分為四個亞屬,葉䗛亞屬、麗葉䗛亞屬、飾葉䗛亞屬、舞叶䗛亚属 ,但2021因為分子生物學以及生物地理學上的證據,陸續將這之中的一些物種挪出,像是葉䗛亞屬之中的一些物種移到新屬隱葉䗛屬 (Cryptophyllium)之下[3],麗葉䗛亞屬、飾葉䗛亞屬、舞叶䗛亚属也各提升為屬級,麗葉䗛屬(Pulchriphyllium)、飾葉䗛屬(Comptaphyllium)、舞叶䗛属(Walaphyllium)[4],因此目前葉䗛屬底下已無亞屬之分類單元。
分类
目前葉䗛屬共有31種[2]:
- Phyllium (Phyllium) antonkozlovi Cumming, 2017
- Phyllium (Phyllium) arthurchungi Seow-Choen, 2016
- Phyllium (Phyllium) bilobatum Gray, 1843
- Phyllium (Phyllium) bonifacioi Lit & Eusebio, 2014
- Phyllium (Phyllium) bourquei Cumming & Le Tirant, 2017
- Phyllium (Phyllium) bradleri Seow-Choen, 2017
- Phyllium (Phyllium) brossardi Cumming, Le Tirant & Teemsma, 2017
- Phyllium (Phyllium) chenqiae Seow-Choen, 2017
- Phyllium conlei Cumming, Valero & Teemsma, 2018
- 卡氏葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) cummingi Seow-Choen, 2017
- 優雅葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) elegans Grösser, 1991[5]
- 艾瑞克葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) ericoriai Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel, 2009
- Phyllium (Phyllium) fallorum Cumming, 2017[6]
- 甘通山葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) gantungense Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel, 2009
- 加爾達葉䗛 Phyllium gardabagusi Cumming, Bank, Le Tirant & Bradler, 2020
- Phyllium (Phyllium) hausleithneri Brock, 1999[5]
- 雅各氏葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) jacobsoni Rehn & Rehn, 1934
- 麗緹葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) letiranti Cumming & Teemsma, 2018[5]
- Phyllium longicorne Latreille, 1802
- Phyllium (Phyllium) mabantai Bresseel, Hennemann, Conle & Gottardo, 2009
- Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) maethoraniae Delfosse, 2015[7]
- Phyllium (Phyllium) mamasaense Grösser, 2008
- Phyllium (Phyllium) mindorense Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel, 2009
- Phyllium nisus Cumming, Bank, Le Tirant & Bradler, 2020
- 巴拉望葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) palawanense Grösser, 2001
- 菲律賓葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) philippinicum Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel, 2009
- Phyllium (Phyllium) rayongii Thanasinchayakul, 2006
- Phyllium (Phyllium) rubrum Cumming, Le Tirant & Teemsma, 2018[5]
- Phyllium saltonae Cumming, Baker, Le Tirant & Marshall, 2020
- Phyllium (Phyllium) siccifolium (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Phyllium (Phyllium) telnovi Brock, 2014
- 托貝洛葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) tobeloense Grösser, 2007
- Phyllium (Phyllium) woodi Rehn & Rehn, 1934
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 刘胜利. 中国叶螩属记述(竹节虫目:叶螩科)[J]. 昆虫分类学报. 1993, 18 (2): 202–210 [2021-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-27).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Phasmida Species File. [2021-06-22]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-07).
- ^ Royce T. Cumming, Sarah Bank, Joachim Bresseel, Jérôme Constant, Stéphane Le Tirant, Zhiwei Dong, Gontran Sonet, Sven Bradler. Cryptophyllium, the hidden leaf insects – descriptions of a new leaf insect genus and thirteen species from the former celebicum species group (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae). ZooKeys. 2021, (1018): 1-179 [2021-08-17]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-29).
- ^ (PDF) A tree of leaves: Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the leaf insects (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae). ResearchGate. [2021-08-17]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-17) (英语).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Sarah Bank, Royce T. Cumming, Yunchang Li, Katharina Henze, Stéphane Le Tirant and Sven Bradler. 2021. A Tree of Leaves: Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of the Leaf Insects (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae). Communications Biology. 4: 932. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02436-z
- ^ Royce T. Cumming. 2017. A New Species of Phyllium (Phyllium) Illiger, 1798 from Mindanao, Philippines (Phasmida, Phylliidae). Zootaxa. 4303(2); 297–300. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4303.2.10
- ^ Emmanuel Delfosse. 2015. A New Giant Leaf Insect Species of the Genus Phyllium from Thailand (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France. 120(3); 411-415.